CONTENTS Title Page Copyright Page Preface 1 Introduction 1.1 Capabilities of Supported Devices 1.2 Using Workstation Type Modifiers 1.3 Using Constant Names for Workstation Types and Connection Identifiers 1.4 Supported Workstations 1.5 Supported Fonts 1.6 Predefined Bundle Table Indexes for DEC GKS 1.7 Predefined Bundle Table Indexes for DEC PHIGS 1.8 Color and Bundle Indexes 1.9 Device-Independent HLHSR Mechanisms Support 1.10 Lighting Support for DEC PHIGS 1.11 Depth Cueing Support for DEC PHIGS 1.12 Pattern Support for DEC GKS 1.13 Generalized Structure Elements 1.14 Pixel Inquiries for DEC GKS 1.15 Device Coordinate Information for DEC GKS and DEC PHIGS 1.16 Environment Options 2 CGM Output 2.1 Computer Graphics Metafiles 2.2 Environment Options 2.3 Valid Bit Mask Values 2.4 Differences Between DEC GKS and DEC PHIGS, and CGM 2.5 CGM Structure 2.6 Character Encoding 2.7 Clear Text Encoding 2.8 Element Descriptions 2.9 Physical File Organization 2.10 CALS and TOP Application Profiles 2.11 CALS and TOP Data Precision 2.12 Font Selection 2.13 Encoding Examples 3 DDIF Output Workstation Specifics 3.1 Copying DDIF Files from UNIX Systems to OpenVMS Systems 3.2 DDIF Output 3.3 Environment Options 3.4 Valid Bit Mask Values 3.5 Differences Between DEC GKS and DEC PHIGS, and DDIF 3.6 Color Capabilities 3.6.1 Color Reservation 3.7 Pattern and Hatch Values 3.7.1 Available Fill Area Hatch Values 3.7.2 Predefined Fill Area Pattern Values for DEC GKS 4 DECwindows Workstation Specifics 4.1 Environment Options 4.2 Connection Identifier 4.3 Valid Bit Mask Values 4.4 Programming Considerations 4.4.1 Display Size, Windows, and Echo Areas 4.5 Cell Array Restriction for DEC GKS 4.6 General Information 4.7 Minimizing Color Traversal for DEC PHIGS 4.8 Bundle Indexes 4.9 Pattern and Hatch Values 4.9.1 Available Fill Area Hatch Values 4.9.2 Predefined Fill Area Pattern Values (Monochrome) for DEC GKS 4.9.3 Predefined Fill Area Pattern Values (Color) for DEC GKS 4.10 Input Information 4.10.1 Choice Input Class 4.10.2 Locator Input Class 4.10.3 Pick Input Class 4.10.4 String Input Class 4.10.5 Stroke Input Class 4.10.6 Valuator Input Class 4.11 Font Support 4.11.1 Default Fonts 4.11.1.1 English and ISO-Latin-1 Fonts 4.11.1.2 Japanese Fonts 4.11.1.3 Hebrew and ISO-Latin-8 Fonts 4.11.2 Font Mode Options 4.11.3 Known Fonts 4.12 UIL Files 4.13 Customization 4.13.1 Use of Xdefaults Files 4.13.2 Widget Hierarchies 4.14 Internationalization 4.15 DEC GKS Sample Application 5 HPPCL Workstation Specifics 5.1 Environment Options 5.2 Valid Bit Mask Values 5.2.1 Device Queues and Allocation 5.3 Printer Resolutions 5.4 File Format 5.5 Performance Notes 6 LCG01 Workstation Specifics 6.1 Environment Options 6.2 Valid Bit Mask Values 6.3 Device Queues and Allocation 6.4 Pattern and Hatch Values 6.4.1 Available Fill Area Hatch Values 6.4.2 Predefined Fill Area Pattern Values for DEC GKS 7 LJ250 and LA324 Workstation Specifics 7.1 Environment Options 7.2 Valid Bit Mask Values 7.3 Device Considerations 7.4 Pattern and Hatch Values 7.4.1 Available Fill Area Hatch Values 7.4.2 Predefined Fill Area Pattern Values for DEC GKS 8 LVP16 and HP-GL Graphics Protocol Workstation Specifics 8.1 Environment Options 8.2 Valid Bit Mask Values 8.3 Device Considerations 8.3.1 LVP16 Switch Settings 8.3.2 Device Queues and Allocation 8.4 Pattern and Hatch Values 8.4.1 Available Fill Area Hatch Values 8.4.2 Predefined Fill Area Pattern Values for DEC GKS 8.5 LVP16 Font Support and Font Samples 9 OSF/Motif Workstation Specifics 9.1 Environment Options 9.2 Connection Identifier 9.3 Valid Bit Mask Values 9.4 Programming Considerations 9.4.1 Display Size, Windows, and Echo Areas 9.5 Overlay Plane Support 9.6 Cell Array Restriction for DEC GKS 9.7 General Information 9.8 Minimizing Color Traversal for DEC PHIGS 9.9 Bundle Indexes 9.10 Pattern and Hatch Values 9.10.1 Available Fill Area Hatch Values 9.10.2 Predefined Fill Area Pattern Values (Monochrome) for DEC GKS 9.10.3 Predefined Fill Area Pattern Values (Color) for DEC GKS 9.11 Input Information 9.11.1 Choice Input Class 9.11.2 Locator Input Class 9.11.3 Pick Input Class 9.11.4 String Input Class 9.11.5 Stroke Input Class 9.11.6 Valuator Input Class 9.12 Font Support 9.12.1 Default Fonts 9.12.1.1 English and ISO-Latin-1 Fonts 9.12.1.2 Japanese Fonts 9.12.1.3 Hebrew and ISO-Latin-8 Fonts 9.12.2 Font Mode Options 9.12.3 Known Fonts 9.13 UIL Files 9.14 Customization 9.14.1 Use of Xdefaults Files 9.14.2 Widget Hierarchies 9.15 Internationalization 9.16 DEC GKS Sample Application 10 PEX Workstation Specifics 10.1 Environment Options 10.2 Connection Identifier 10.2.1 HLHSR Mechanism Support for PEX Devices 10.2.2 Anti-Aliasing Modes 10.2.2.1 PXG Accelerators 10.2.2.2 VAXstation SPXg and SPXgt Accelerators 10.2.2.3 SFB+ Accelerators 10.2.2.4 ZLX Accelerators 10.3 Valid Bit Mask Values 10.3.1 Opening Multiple Motif Workstations 10.4 Programming Considerations 10.4.1 General Information 10.5 Input Information 10.6 Font Support 10.7 Escapes 11 PostScript Workstation Specifics 11.1 Environment Options 11.2 Valid Bit Mask Values 11.3 Encapsulated PostScript 11.4 Device Considerations 11.4.1 Device Queues and Allocation 11.4.2 Printer Description Files 11.5 Pattern and Hatch Values 11.5.1 Available Fill Area Hatch Values 11.5.2 Predefined Fill Area Pattern Values for DEC GKS 11.6 Font Support 11.7 ISO-Latin1 Character Support 12 ReGIS ~ Graphics Protocol Workstation Specifics 12.1 Environment Options 12.2 Valid Bit Mask Values 12.2.1 ReGIS Bit Masks 12.2.2 ReGIS Output to a File 12.2.3 Bit Mask for the VT340 to Restore the Color Map 12.3 Mode Restrictions 12.4 Pattern and Hatch Values 12.4.1 Available Fill Area Hatch Values 12.4.2 Predefined Fill Area Pattern Values for DEC GKS 12.5 Input Information 12.5.1 Choice Input Class 12.5.2 Locator Input Class 12.5.3 Pick Input Class 12.5.4 String Input Class 12.5.5 Stroke Input Class 12.5.6 Valuator Input Class 13 Sixel Graphics Protocol Workstation Specifics 13.1 Environment Options 13.2 Valid Bit Mask Values 13.2.1 LA50, LA75, LA100, and LA210 Graphics Handlers 13.2.2 LN03 PLUS and DEClaser (LN06) Graphics Handlers 13.3 Device Considerations 13.3.1 LA50 Switch Settings 13.3.2 Device Queues and Allocation 13.4 Pattern and Hatch Values 13.4.1 Available Fill Area Hatch Values 13.4.2 Predefined Fill Area Pattern Values for DEC GKS 13.5 Printer Resolutions 14 Tektronix 4014 Workstation Specifics 14.1 Environment Options 14.2 Valid Bit Mask Values 14.3 Programming Considerations 14.3.1 Echo of Characters 14.3.2 GIN Mode Configuration 14.4 Pattern and Hatch Values 14.4.1 Available Fill Area Hatch Values 14.5 Input Information 14.5.1 Choice Input Class 14.5.2 Locator Input Class 14.5.3 Pick Input Class 14.5.4 String Input Class 14.5.5 Stroke Input Class 14.5.6 Valuator Input Class 15 Tektronix 4100, 4200, and VS500 Series Workstation Specifics 15.1 Environment Options 15.2 Valid Bit Mask Values 15.3 Programming Considerations 15.3.1 Setup Requirement 15.3.2 Resetting the Terminal After an Interrupt 15.4 Tektronix 4107 and 4207 Pattern and Hatch Values 15.4.1 Available Fill Area Hatch Values 15.4.2 Predefined Fill Area Pattern Values for DEC GKS 15.5 Input Information 15.5.1 How to Use Additional Physical Devices 15.5.2 Using Logical Device Mappings 15.5.3 Choice Input Class 15.5.4 Locator Input Class 15.5.5 Pick Input Class 15.5.6 String Input Class 15.5.7 Stroke Input Class 15.5.8 Valuator Input Class 16 VWS Workstation Specifics 16.1 Environment Options 16.2 Valid Bit Mask Values 16.3 Device Considerations 16.3.1 Display Size, Windows, and Echo Areas 16.3.2 Additional Information 16.4 Cell Array Restriction for DEC GKS 16.5 Pattern and Hatch Values 16.5.1 Available Fill Area Hatch Values 16.5.2 Predefined Fill Area Pattern Values (Monochrome) for DEC GKS 16.5.3 Predefined Fill Area Pattern Values (Color) for DEC GKS 16.6 Input Information 16.6.1 Choice Input Class 16.6.2 Locator Input Class 16.6.3 Pick Input Class 16.6.4 String Input Class 16.6.5 Stroke Input Class 16.6.6 Valuator Input Class 16.7 Font Support A Device-Independent Fonts A.1 Device-Independent Fonts A.2 Font File Formats A.3 Font Design A.4 Stroke Font File A.4.1 Stroke Font File Header A.4.2 Character Descriptor A.5 Stroke Font Environment Support A.5.1 Stroke Font Path A.5.2 Stroke Font List and Stroke Font A.6 Device-Independent Fonts B Escapes B.1 Escape Function Changes B.1.1 New Escape Record Definitions B.2 List of Escape Identifiers B.3 Escape Syntax -100 Set Display Speed -101 Generate Hardcopy of Workstation Surface -103 Beep -106 Pop Workstation -107 Push Workstation -108 Set Error Handling Mode -109 Set Viewport Event -110 Associate Workstation Type and Connection Identifier -111 Software Clipping -150 Set Writing Mode -151 Set Line Cap Style -152 Set Line Join Style -153 Set Edge Control Flag -154 Set Edge Type -155 Set Edge Width Scale Factor -156 Set Edge Color Index -157 Set Edge Index -158 Set Edge Aspect Source Flag (ASF) -160 Begin Transformation Block -161 End Transformation Block -162 Set Segment Highlighting Method -163 Set Highlighting Method -164 Begin Transformation Block 3 -200 Set Edge Representation -202 Set Window Title -203 Set Reset String -204 Set Cancel String -205 Set Enter String -206 Set Icon Bitmaps -251 Inquire Current Writing Mode -252 Inquire Current Line Cap Style -253 Inquire Current Line Join Style -254 Inquire Current Edge Attributes -255 Inquire Viewport Data -300 Inquire Current Display Speed -302 Inquire List of Edge Indexes -303 Inquire Segment Extent -304 Inquire Window Identifiers -305 Inquire Segment Highlighting Method -306 Inquire Highlighting Method -307 Inquire Pasteboard Identifier -308 Inquire Menu Bar Identifier -309 Inquire Shell Identifier -350 Inquire List of Available Escapes -351 Inquire Default Display Speed -352 Inquire Line Cap and Join Facilities -354 Inquire Edge Facilities -355 Inquire Predefined Edge Representation -356 Inquire Maximum Number of Edge Bundles -358 Inquire List of Highlighting Methods -359 Inquire Edge Representation -400 Evaluate NDC Mapping of a WC Point -401 Evaluate DC Mapping of an NDC Point -402 Evaluate WC Mapping of an NDC Point -403 Evaluate NDC Mapping of a DC Point -404 Inquire Extent of a GDP -440 Set Connection Identifier String -500 Set Double Buffering -501 Set Background Pixmap -502 Inquire Double Buffer Pixmap -503 Inquire Background Pixmap -508 Set Anti-Alias Mode -509 Set Line Pattern -511 Set Plane Mask -512 Set Marker Pattern -513 Inquire Double Buffer Buffers -514 Set Swap Mode -515 Swap Buffers -516 Inquire Closest Color -517 Inquire Vendor String -520 Set PEX Begin Render Clear Action -521 Set PEX Clear Region -522 Set Transparency -523 Set BQUM Range -524 Inquire BQUM Range -525 Set BQUM Flags -526 Inquire BQUM Flags -528 Toggle Double Buffering Target -530 Set View Dirty Flag -531 Inquire View Dirty Flag -532 Render Element Range -533 Inquire Workstation Structure Memory C GDPs C.1 Data Record Format C.2 Generalized Drawing Primitives (GDPs) C.3 List of GDP Identifiers -100 Disjoint Polyline -101 Circle: Center, and Point on Circumference -102 Circle: Three Points on Circumference -103 Circle: Center and Radius -104 Circle: Two Points on Circumference, and Radius -106 Arc: Center, and Two Points on Arc -107 Arc: Three Points on Circumference -108 Arc: Center, Two Vectors, and a Radius -109 Arc: Two Points on Arc, and Radius -110 Arc: Center, Starting Point, and Angle -111 Ellipse: Center, and Two Axis Vectors -113 Ellipse: Focal Points, and Point on Circumference -114 Elliptic Arc: Center, Two Axis Vectors, and Two Vectors -116 Elliptic Arc: Focal Points, and Two Points on Arc -125 Rectangle: Two Corners -332 Fill Area Set -333 Filled Circle: Center, and Point on Circumference -334 Filled Circle: Three Points on Circumference -335 Filled Circle: Center and Radius -336 Filled Circle: Two Points on Circumference, and Radius -338 Filled Arc: Center, and Two Points on Arc -339 Filled Arc: Three Points on Circumference -340 Filled Arc: Center, Two Vectors, and a Radius -341 Filled Arc: Two Points on Arc, and Radius -342 Filled Arc: Center, Starting Point, and Angle -343 Filled Ellipse: Center, and Two Axis Vectors -345 Filled Ellipse: Focal Points, and Point on Circumference -346 Filled Elliptic Arc: Center, Two Axis Vectors, and Two Vectors -348 Filled Elliptic Arc: Focal Points, and Two Points on Arc -349 Filled Rectangle: Two Corners -400 Packed Cell Array D Dials and Buttons Support for DEC PHIGS D.1 Starting the PCM Server D.1.1 PCM on OpenVMS Systems D.1.2 PCM on UNIX Systems D.2 Dial Support D.2.1 Spaceball Support D.3 Button Support D.4 Workstation Support D.5 Error Messages E Input Values E.1 Logical Input Device Numbers E.2 Logical Input Devices E.2.1 Choice Devices E.2.1.1 Choice 1, 6, 7, 8 E.2.1.2 Choice 2 E.2.1.3 Choice 3 E.2.1.4 Choice 4 E.2.1.5 Choice 5 E.2.2 Locator Devices E.2.2.1 Locator 1, 2, 3, and 4 E.2.3 Pick Devices E.2.3.1 Pick 1, 2, 3, and 4 E.2.4 String Devices E.2.4.1 String 1 and 4 E.2.4.2 String 2 E.2.4.3 String 3 E.2.5 Stroke Devices E.2.5.1 Stroke 1, 2, 3, and 4 E.2.6 Valuator Devices E.2.6.1 Valuator 1, 2, 3, and 4 E.2.7 Input Devices and Echo Area Titles E.2.8 Changing the Title String E.3 Keypad Functionality E.3.1 Cycling Logical Input Devices E.3.2 Numeric Keypad (Zoning Mechanism) E.3.3 Numeric Keypad (Choice) E.3.4 Auxiliary Keypad (Choice) E.3.5 The Lock Key F Mathematical Concepts for DEC PHIGS F.1 Lighting Equations F.2 Depth Cueing Equations G Performance Tuning for DEC PHIGS G.1 Device Independent Tuning Techniques G.1.1 Language Bindings G.1.2 Primitive Aggregation G.1.3 Structure and Immediate Modes G.1.4 Structure Granularity G.1.5 Avoiding Regenerations when Posting to Views G.1.6 Using Quick Updates G.1.7 Providing Optional Primitive Information G.1.8 X Transport Mechanisms G.2 Tuning the DECwindows and OSF/Motif Workstations G.2.1 Improving Pick Performance on DECwindows and OSF/Motif Workstations G.2.2 Limiting Primitive Size G.2.3 Structure Mode Support G.2.4 Attribute Changes G.3 System Tuning for DEC Open3D on OpenVMS Systems