CONTENTS

  Title Page

  Copyright Page

  Preface

  1      Program Structure and Content

  1.1     Lexical Elements
    1.1.1      Keywords
    1.1.2      Punctuation
    1.1.3      Identifiers
    1.1.4      Comments

  1.2     Statements
    1.2.1      Statement Formats
    1.2.2      Statement Labels
    1.2.3      Simple Statements
    1.2.4      Compound Statements
    1.2.5      Summary of Statements by Function

  1.3     Program Format

  1.4     Blocks
    1.4.1      Begin Blocks
    1.4.2      Procedure Blocks
    1.4.3      Containment
    1.4.4      Block Activation
    1.4.5      Relationship of Block Activations
    1.4.6      Block Termination

  1.5     Data and Variables
    1.5.1      Preprocessor

  2      Declarations

  2.1     DECLARE Statement
    2.1.1      Simple Declarations
    2.1.2      Declarations Outside of Procedures
    2.1.3      Multiple Simple Declarations
    2.1.4      Factored Simple Declarations
    2.1.5      Array Declarations
    2.1.6      Structure Declarations

  2.2     Attributes
    2.2.1      ALIGNED Attribute
    2.2.2      ANY Attribute
    2.2.3      AREA Attribute
    2.2.4      AUTOMATIC Attribute
    2.2.5      BASED Attribute
    2.2.6      BINARY Attribute
    2.2.7      BIT Attribute
    2.2.8      BUILTIN Attribute
    2.2.9      CHARACTER Attribute
    2.2.10     CONDITION Attribute
    2.2.11     CONTROLLED Attribute
    2.2.12     DECIMAL Attribute
    2.2.13     DEFINED Attribute
    2.2.14     DESCRIPTOR Attribute
    2.2.15     DIMENSION Attribute
    2.2.16     DIRECT Attribute
    2.2.17     ENTRY Attribute
    2.2.18     ENVIRONMENT Attribute
    2.2.19     EXTERNAL Attribute
    2.2.20     FILE Attribute
    2.2.21     FIXED Attribute
    2.2.22     FLOAT Attribute
    2.2.23     GLOBALDEF Attribute
    2.2.24     GLOBALREF Attribute
    2.2.25     INITIAL Attribute
    2.2.26     INPUT Attribute
    2.2.27     INTERNAL Attribute
    2.2.28     KEYED Attribute
    2.2.29     LABEL Attribute
    2.2.30     LIKE Attribute
    2.2.31     LIST Attribute
    2.2.32     MEMBER Attribute
    2.2.33     NONVARYING Attribute
    2.2.34     OFFSET Attribute
    2.2.35     OPTIONAL Attribute
    2.2.36     OUTPUT Attribute
    2.2.37     PARAMETER Attribute
    2.2.38     PICTURE Attribute
    2.2.39     POINTER Attribute
    2.2.40     POSITION Attribute
    2.2.41     PRECISION Attribute
    2.2.42     PRINT Attribute
    2.2.43     READONLY Attribute
    2.2.44     RECORD Attribute
    2.2.45     REFER Attribute
    2.2.46     REFERENCE Attribute
    2.2.47     RETURNS Attribute
    2.2.48     SEQUENTIAL Attribute
    2.2.49     STATIC Attribute
    2.2.50     STREAM Attribute
    2.2.51     STRUCTURE Attribute
    2.2.52     TYPE Attribute (VAX PL/I only)
    2.2.53     TRUNCATE Attribute
    2.2.54     UNALIGNED Attribute
    2.2.55     UNION Attribute
    2.2.56     UPDATE Attribute
    2.2.57     VALUE Attribute
    2.2.58     VARIABLE Attribute
    2.2.59     VARYING Attribute

  3      Data Types

  3.1     Summary of Data Types
    3.1.1      Declarations
    3.1.2      Default Attributes
      3.1.2.1      Attributes of Constants
      3.1.2.2      Arithmetic Operands
    3.1.3      Compatible Data Types

  3.2     Arithmetic Data
    3.2.1      Precision and Scale of Arithmetic Data Types
    3.2.2      Fixed-Point Binary Data
      3.2.2.1      Internal Representation of Fixed-Point Binary Data
    3.2.3      Fixed-Point Decimal Data
      3.2.3.1      Fixed-Point Decimal Constants
      3.2.3.2      Fixed-Point Decimal Variables
      3.2.3.3      Use in Expressions
      3.2.3.4      Internal Representation of Fixed-Point Decimal Data
    3.2.4      Floating-Point Data
      3.2.4.1      Floating-Point Constants
      3.2.4.2      Floating-Point Variables
      3.2.4.3      Using Floating-Point Data in Expressions
      3.2.4.4      Floating-Point Data Formats
      3.2.4.5      VAX VMS Internal Representation of Floating-Point Data
      3.2.4.6      RISC ULTRIX Internal Representation of Floating-Point Data
    3.2.5      Pictured Data
      3.2.5.1      Picture Characters
      3.2.5.2      Assigning Values to Pictured Variables
      3.2.5.3      Extracting Values from Pictured Data
      3.2.5.4      Editing by Picture
      3.2.5.5      The Internal Representation of Pictured Variables

  3.3     Character-String Data
    3.3.1      Character-String Constants
      3.3.1.1      Replication of String Constants
    3.3.2      Character-String Variables
      3.3.2.1      Fixed-Length Character-String Variables
      3.3.2.2      Internal Representation of Fixed-Length Character Data
      3.3.2.3      Varying-Length Character-String Variables
      3.3.2.4      Internal Representation of Varying Character Data
      3.3.2.5      Alignment of Character Strings

  3.4     Bit-String Data
    3.4.1      Bit-String Constants
      3.4.1.1      Replication Factor for Bit-String Constants
    3.4.2      Bit-String Variables
    3.4.3      Alignment of Bit-String Data
    3.4.4      Internal Representation of Bit Data
    3.4.5      Bit Strings and Integers

  3.5     Pointer Data
    3.5.1      Pointer Variables in Expressions
    3.5.2      Internal Representation of Pointer Data

  3.6     Offset Data

  3.7     Label Data
    3.7.1      Label Array Constants
    3.7.2      Label Values
    3.7.3      Label Variables
    3.7.4      Internal Representation of Variable Label Data

  3.8     Entry Data
    3.8.1      Entry Constants
    3.8.2      Entry Values
    3.8.3      Entry Variables
    3.8.4      Internal Representation of Variable Entry Data

  3.9     File Data
    3.9.1      File Constants
    3.9.2      File Values
    3.9.3      File Variables

  3.10    Area Data
    3.10.1     Area Variables in Expressions
    3.10.2     Reading and Writing Areas
    3.10.3     Internal Representation of Area Data

  3.11    Condition Data
    3.11.1     Internal Representation of Condition Data

  4      Aggregates

  4.1     Arrays
    4.1.1      Array Declarations
    4.1.2      References to Individual Elements
    4.1.3      Initializing Arrays
    4.1.4      Assigning Values to Array Variables
    4.1.5      Order of Assignment and Output for Multidimensional Arrays
      4.1.5.1      Using GET and PUT Statements with Array Variables
    4.1.6      Passing Arrays as Arguments
    4.1.7      Built-In Functions Providing Array Dimension Information

  4.2     Structures
    4.2.1      Structure Declarations and Attributes
    4.2.2      Using The UNION Attribute On Structure Declarations
    4.2.3      Initializing Structures
    4.2.4      Using Structure Variables in Expressions
    4.2.5      Passing Structure Variables as Arguments
    4.2.6      Member Attributes
      4.2.6.1      Using the TYPE Attribute (VAX PL/I only)
      4.2.6.2      Using the LIKE Attribute
      4.2.6.3      Using the REFER Option
    4.2.7      Structure-Qualified References

  4.3     Arrays of Structures
    4.3.1      Arrays of Structures That Contain Arrays
    4.3.2      Connected and Unconnected Arrays

  4.4     Internal Representation of Aggregate Data

  5      Storage Classes

  5.1     Automatic Variables

  5.2     Static Variables

  5.3     Internal Variables

  5.4     External Variables

  5.5     Based Variables
    5.5.1      Data Types Used with Based Variables
    5.5.2      Allocation in Areas
    5.5.3      Referring to Based Variables
    5.5.4      Based Variables and Dynamic Storage Allocation
    5.5.5      Using the ADDR Built-in Function
    5.5.6      Data Type Matching for Based Variables
      5.5.6.1      Matching by Overlay Defining
      5.5.6.2      Matching by Left-to-Right Equivalence
      5.5.6.3      Nonmatching Based Variable References
    5.5.7      Examples of Based Variables

  5.6     Controlled Variables
    5.6.1      Using the ALLOCATION Built-In Function
    5.6.2      Using the ADDR Built-In Function

  5.7     Dynamically Allocated Variables
    5.7.1      ALLOCATE Statement
    5.7.2      FREE Statement
    5.7.3      Other Mechanisms for Dynamic Storage Allocation

  5.8     Defined Variables
    5.8.1      String Overlay Defining
    5.8.2      Rules for Overlay Defining

  5.9     Storage Sharing

  6      Expressions and Data Type Conversions

  6.1     Assignment Statement

  6.2     Operators and Operands
    6.2.1      Arithmetic Operators
    6.2.2      Logical Operators
      6.2.2.1      NOT
      6.2.2.2      AND
      6.2.2.3      OR
      6.2.2.4      EXCLUSIVE OR
      6.2.2.5      AND THEN
      6.2.2.6      OR ELSE
    6.2.3      Relational Operators
      6.2.3.1      Arithmetic Comparisons
      6.2.3.2      Bit-String Comparisons
      6.2.3.3      Character-String Comparisons
      6.2.3.4      Comparing Noncomputational Data
    6.2.4      Concatenation Operator

  6.3     Precedence of Operators and Expression Evaluation

  6.4     Data Type Conversion of Operands and Expressions
    6.4.1      Contexts in which PL/I Converts Data
    6.4.2      Derived Data Types for Arithmetic Operations
    6.4.3      Conversion of Operands in Nonarithmetic Operations
    6.4.4      Built-In Conversion Functions
    6.4.5      Implicit Conversion During Assignment
    6.4.6      Assignment to Arithmetic Variables
      6.4.6.1      Arithmetic to Arithmetic Conversions
        6.4.6.1.1       Conversions to Fixed Point
        6.4.6.1.2       Conversions to Floating Point
        6.4.6.1.3       Conversions from FIXED BINARY to Other Data Types
      6.4.6.2      Pictured to Arithmetic Conversions
      6.4.6.3      Bit-String to Arithmetic Conversions
      6.4.6.4      Character-String to Arithmetic Conversions
    6.4.7      Assignments to Bit-String Variables
      6.4.7.1      Arithmetic to Bit-String Assignments
      6.4.7.2      Pictured to Bit-String Conversions
      6.4.7.3      Character-String to Bit-String Conversions
    6.4.8      Assignments to Character-String Variables
      6.4.8.1      Arithmetic to Character-String Conversions
        6.4.8.1.1       Conversion from Fixed-Point Binary or Fixed-Point Decimal
        6.4.8.1.2       Conversion from Floating-Point Binary or Floating-Point Decimal
      6.4.8.2      Pictured to Character-String Conversion
      6.4.8.3      Bit-String to Character-String Conversion
    6.4.9      Assignments to Pictured Variables
    6.4.10     Conversions Between Offsets and Pointers

  7      Procedures

  7.1     PROCEDURE Statement

  7.2     Functions and Function References

  7.3     ENTRY Statement
    7.3.1      Specifying Entry Points
    7.3.2      Multiple Entry Points

  7.4     CALL Statement

  7.5     Parameters and Arguments
    7.5.1      Rules for Specifying Parameters
    7.5.2      Argument Passing

  7.6     Calling External and Internal Procedures

  7.7     Terminating Procedures

  7.8     Passing Arguments to Non-PL/I Procedures
    7.8.1      Passing Arguments by Immediate Value
    7.8.2      Passing Arguments by Reference
    7.8.3      Passing Arguments by Descriptor

  8      Program Control

  8.1     DO Groups and Statements
    8.1.1      Simple DO
    8.1.2      DO WHILE
    8.1.3      DO UNTIL
    8.1.4      Controlled DO
    8.1.5      DO REPEAT

  8.2     BEGIN Statement

  8.3     END Statement

  8.4     IF Statement
    8.4.1      Nested IF Statements

  8.5     SELECT Statement
    8.5.1      The Two Forms of the SELECT Statement
    8.5.2      OTHERWISE Clause
    8.5.3      Nested SELECT Statements

  8.6     GOTO Statement

  8.7     LEAVE Statement

  8.8     STOP Statement

  8.9     Null Statement

  8.10    Condition Handling
    8.10.1     ON Statement
    8.10.2     SIGNAL Statement
    8.10.3     REVERT Statement
    8.10.4     Summary of ON Conditions
      8.10.4.1     ANYCONDITION Condition Name
      8.10.4.2     AREA Condition Name
      8.10.4.3     CONDITION Condition Name
      8.10.4.4     CONVERSION Condition Name
      8.10.4.5     ENDFILE Condition Name
      8.10.4.6     ENDPAGE Condition Name
      8.10.4.7     ERROR Condition Name
      8.10.4.8     FINISH Condition Name
      8.10.4.9     FIXEDOVERFLOW Condition Name
      8.10.4.10    KEY Condition Name
      8.10.4.11    OVERFLOW Condition Name
      8.10.4.12    STORAGE Condition Name
      8.10.4.13    STRINGRANGE Condition Name (VAX PL/I only)
      8.10.4.14    SUBSCRIPTRANGE Condition Name (VAX PL/I only)
      8.10.4.15    UNDEFINEDFILE Condition Name
      8.10.4.16    UNDERFLOW Condition Name (VAX PL/I only)
      8.10.4.17    VAXCONDITION Condition Name
      8.10.4.18    ZERODIVIDE Condition Name
    8.10.5     Default PL/I ON-Unit
    8.10.6     Establishment of ON-Units
    8.10.7     Contents of an ON-Unit
    8.10.8     Search Path for ON-Units
    8.10.9     Completion of ON-Units

  9      Input and Output

  9.1     Opening and Closing Files
    9.1.1      File Declarations
    9.1.2      File Variables
    9.1.3      Opening a File
      9.1.3.1      OPEN Statement Options
      9.1.3.2      Effects of Opening a File
      9.1.3.3      Establishing the File's Attributes
      9.1.3.4      Determining the File Specification
      9.1.3.5      Accessing an Existing File
      9.1.3.6      Creating a File
      9.1.3.7      File Positioning
    9.1.4      File Description Attributes and Options
    9.1.5      Closing a File

  9.2     Stream I/O
    9.2.1      Processing and Positioning of Stream Files
    9.2.2      Input by the GET Statement
      9.2.2.1      Syntax Summary of the GET Statement
      9.2.2.2      GET EDIT
      9.2.2.3      GET LIST
      9.2.2.4      GET SKIP
      9.2.2.5      Execution of the GET Statement
    9.2.3      Output by the PUT Statement
      9.2.3.1      Syntax Summary of the PUT Statement
      9.2.3.2      PUT EDIT
      9.2.3.3      PUT LINE
      9.2.3.4      PUT LIST
      9.2.3.5      PUT PAGE
      9.2.3.6      PUT SKIP
      9.2.3.7      Execution of the PUT Statement
    9.2.4      Format Items
      9.2.4.1      A Format Item
      9.2.4.2      B Format Items
      9.2.4.3      COLUMN Format item
      9.2.4.4      E Format Item
      9.2.4.5      F Format Item
      9.2.4.6      LINE Format Item
      9.2.4.7      P Format Item
      9.2.4.8      PAGE Format Item
      9.2.4.9      R Format Item
      9.2.4.10     SKIP Format Item
      9.2.4.11     TAB Format Item
      9.2.4.12     X Format Item
      9.2.4.13     Format Specifications
    9.2.5      Processing and Positioning of Character Strings
    9.2.6      Terminal I/O
      9.2.6.1      Simple Input from a Terminal
      9.2.6.2      Simple Output to a Terminal
      9.2.6.3      Print File

  9.3     Record I/O
    9.3.1      READ Statement
      9.3.1.1      File Positioning Following a READ Statement
    9.3.2      WRITE Statement
      9.3.2.1      File Positioning Following a WRITE Statement
    9.3.3      DELETE Statement
      9.3.3.1      File Positioning Following a DELETE Statement
    9.3.4      REWRITE Statement
      9.3.4.1      File Positioning Following a REWRITE Statement
    9.3.5      Position Information for a Record File

  10     Preprocessor

  10.1    Preprocessor Compilation Control

  10.2    Preprocessor Statements
    10.2.1     %Assignment Statement
    10.2.2     %Null
    10.2.3     %ACTIVATE
    10.2.4     %DEACTIVATE
    10.2.5     %DECLARE
    10.2.6     %DICTIONARY (VAX PL/I only)
    10.2.7     %DO
    10.2.8     %END
    10.2.9     %ERROR
    10.2.10    %FATAL
    10.2.11    %GOTO
    10.2.12    %IF
    10.2.13    %INCLUDE
    10.2.14    %INFORM
    10.2.15    %LIST_xxx
    10.2.16    %NOLIST_xxx
    10.2.17    %PAGE
    10.2.18    %PROCEDURE
    10.2.19    %REPLACE Statement
    10.2.20    %RETURN Statement
    10.2.21    %SBTTL
    10.2.22    %TITLE
    10.2.23    %WARN

  10.3    User-Generated Diagnostic Messages

  10.4    Preprocessor Built-In Functions

  11     Built-In Functions, Subroutines, and Pseudovariables

  11.1    Built-In Function Arguments

  11.2    Conditions Signaled

  11.3    Summary of Built-In Functions

  11.4    Descriptions of Built-In Functions
    11.4.1     ABS
    11.4.2     ACOS
    11.4.3     ACTUALCOUNT (VAX PL/I only)
    11.4.4     ADD
    11.4.5     ADDR
    11.4.6     ADDREL (VAX PL/I only)
    11.4.7     ALLOCATION
    11.4.8     ASIN
    11.4.9     ATAN
    11.4.10    ATAND
    11.4.11    ATANH
    11.4.12    BINARY
    11.4.13    BIT
    11.4.14    BOOL
    11.4.15    BYTE
    11.4.16    BYTESIZE (VAX PL/I only)
    11.4.17    CEIL
    11.4.18    CHARACTER
    11.4.19    COLLATE
    11.4.20    COPY
    11.4.21    COS
    11.4.22    COSD
    11.4.23    COSH
    11.4.24    DATE
    11.4.25    DATETIME
    11.4.26    DECIMAL
    11.4.27    DECODE
    11.4.28    DESCRIPTOR
    11.4.29    DIMENSION
    11.4.30    DIVIDE
    11.4.31    EMPTY
    11.4.32    ENCODE
    11.4.33    ERROR
    11.4.34    EVERY
    11.4.35    EXP
    11.4.36    FIXED
    11.4.37    FLOAT
    11.4.38    FLOOR
    11.4.39    HBOUND
    11.4.40    HIGH
    11.4.41    INDEX
    11.4.42    INFORM
    11.4.43    INT
    11.4.44    LBOUND
    11.4.45    LENGTH
    11.4.46    LINE
    11.4.47    LINENO
    11.4.48    LOG
    11.4.49    LOG10
    11.4.50    LOG2
    11.4.51    LOW
    11.4.52    LTRIM (VAX PL/I only)
    11.4.53    MAX
    11.4.54    MAXLENGTH
    11.4.55    MIN
    11.4.56    MOD
    11.4.57    MULTIPLY
    11.4.58    NULL
    11.4.59    OFFSET
    11.4.60    ONARGSLIST
    11.4.61    ONCHAR
    11.4.62    ONCODE
    11.4.63    ONFILE
    11.4.64    ONKEY
    11.4.65    ONSOURCE
    11.4.66    PAGENO (VAX PL/I only)
    11.4.67    POINTER
    11.4.68    POSINT
    11.4.69    PRESENT (VAX PL/I only)
    11.4.70    PROD
    11.4.71    RANK
    11.4.72    REFERENCE
    11.4.73    REVERSE
    11.4.74    ROUND
    11.4.75    RTRIM (VAX PL/I only)
    11.4.76    SEARCH
    11.4.77    SIGN
    11.4.78    SIN
    11.4.79    SIND
    11.4.80    SINH
    11.4.81    SIZE
    11.4.82    SOME
    11.4.83    SQRT
    11.4.84    STRING
    11.4.85    SUBSTR
    11.4.86    SUBTRACT
    11.4.87    SUM
    11.4.88    TAN
    11.4.89    TAND
    11.4.90    TANH
    11.4.91    TIME
    11.4.92    TRANSLATE
    11.4.93    TRIM
    11.4.94    TRUNC
    11.4.95    UNSPEC
    11.4.96    VALID
    11.4.97    VALUE
    11.4.98    VARIANT
    11.4.99    VERIFY
    11.4.100   WARN

  11.5    Built-In Subroutines

  11.6    Pseudovariables
    11.6.1     INT Pseudovariable
    11.6.2     ONCHAR Pseudovariable
    11.6.3     ONSOURCE Pseudovariable
    11.6.4     PAGENO Pseudovariable (VAX PL/I only)
    11.6.5     POSINT Pseudovariable
    11.6.6     STRING Pseudovariable
    11.6.7     SUBSTR Pseudovariable
    11.6.8     UNSPEC Pseudovariable

  A   Alphabetic Summary of Keywords

  B   DEC Multinational Character Set

  C   Compatibility with PL/I Standards

  C.1     Differences Between VAX PL/I and PL/I for RISC ULTRIX

  C.2     PL/I for RISC ULTRIX Support for Environment Options

  C.3     PL/I for RISC ULTRIX Support for Record I/O File Options

  C.4     PL/I for RISC ULTRIX Support for Built-In Functions

  C.5     PL/I for RISC ULTRIX Support for Condition Handling

  C.6     Relation to the 1981 PL/I General-Purpose Subset
    C.6.1      Program Structure
    C.6.2      Program Control
    C.6.3      Storage Control
    C.6.4      Input/Output
    C.6.5      Attributes and Pictures
    C.6.6      Built-In Functions and Pseudovariables
    C.6.7      Expressions

  C.7     198x PL/I General-Purpose Subset Features Supported
    C.7.1      Lexical Constructs
    C.7.2      Program Control
    C.7.3      Storage Control
    C.7.4      Input/Output
    C.7.5      Attributes and Pictures
    C.7.6      Program Control
    C.7.7      Built-In Functions and Pseudovariables
    C.7.8      Expressions

  C.8     Full PL/I Features Supported
    C.8.1      Program Structure
    C.8.2      Program Control
    C.8.3      Storage Control
    C.8.4      Attributes and Pictures
    C.8.5      Built-In Functions and Pseudovariables
    C.8.6      Expressions

  C.9     Nonstandard Features from Other Implementations
    C.9.1      Preprocessor
    C.9.2      Built-In Functions
    C.9.3      LIKE Extension
    C.9.4      Declarations

  C.10    PL/I-Specific Extensions for VAX VMS and RISC ULTRIX
    C.10.1     Procedure-Calling and Condition-Handling Extensions
    C.10.2     Support of VAX Record Management Services
    C.10.3     Miscellaneous Extensions

  C.11    Implementation-Defined Values and Features

  D   Migration Notes

  D.1     Keywords Not Supported

  D.2     Miscellaneous Differences

  D.3     Implicit Conversions

  D.4     Printing a Hexadecimal Memory Dump

  E   VAX PL/I and PL/I for RISC ULTRIX Language Summary

  E.1     Statements

  E.2     Attributes

  E.3     Expressions and Data Conversions

  E.4     Pseudovariables

  E.5     Built-In Subroutines

  EXAMPLES

  1-1        Structure of a PL/I Program

  7-1        Parameters and Arguments

  7-2        Invoking an Internal Procedure

  7-3        Invoking an External Procedure

  FIGURES

  1-1        Relationship of Block Activations

  3-1        Internal Representation of Fixed-Point Binary Data

  3-2        VAX VMS Internal Representation of Floating-Point Data

  4-1        Specifying Elements of an Array

  4-2        Connected and Unconnected Arrays

  5-1        External Variables

  5-2        Using the ALLOCATE Statement

  5-3        Using the READ Statement with a Based Variable

  5-4        Using the ADDR Built-In Function

  5-5        An Overlay Defined Variable

  11-1       Example of the BOOL Built-In Function

  TABLES

  1 Documentation Conventions Table

  1-1        Punctuation Marks Recognized by PL/I

  1-2        Summary of PL/I Statements

  2-1        Alphabetic Summary of PL/I Attributes

  3-1        Implied Attributes for Computational Data

  3-2        Ranges of Floating-Point Formats

  3-3        Ranges of Precision for Floating-Point Types

  3-4        Floating-Point Types Used by PL/I

  3-5        Picture Characters

  3-6        ASCII Representation of Encoded-Sign Digits

  4-1        Specifying Array Dimensions

  4-2        Natural Alignment for Structure Members

  6-1        Data Types for Assignment Statement

  6-2        Precedence of Operators

  6-3        Contexts in Which PL/I Converts Data

  6-4        Derived Data Types

  6-5        Converted Precision as a Function of Target and Source Attributes

  6-6        Built-In Functions for Conversions Between Arithmetic and Nonarithmetic Types

  8-1        Summary of ON Conditions

  9-1        File Description Attributes Implied when a File is Opened

  9-2        Summary of File Description Attributes

  9-3        Attributes and Access Modes for Stream Files

  9-4        Attributes and Access Modes for VAX VMS Record Files

  9-5        Attributes and Access Modes for RISC ULTRIX Record Files

  10-1       Summary of PL/I Preprocessor Statements

  10-2       Summary of PL/I Preprocessor Built-In Functions

  11-1       Summary of PL/I Built-In Functions

  11-2       Summary of PL/I Built-In Subroutines

  A-1        PL/I Keywords

  D-1        PL/I Keywords Not Supported