CONTENTS

  Title Page

  Copyright Page

  Preface

  Part I    Introduction to UCX

  1      Product Overview

  1.1     RFC Compliance

  1.2     Internetworking and UCX

  1.3     Kernel (Core Environment)
    1.3.1      Network Device Drivers
    1.3.2      SLIP and CSLIP
    1.3.3      ARP
    1.3.4      Routing and Transport
    1.3.5      Auxiliary Server
    1.3.6      BIND Resolver
    1.3.7      Application Programming Interfaces
    1.3.8      Management Tools

  1.4     Network Services
    1.4.1      BIND Server
    1.4.2      BOOTP
    1.4.3      TFTP
    1.4.4      NTP
    1.4.5      Portmapper
    1.4.6      Printing Services
      1.4.6.1      LPD (Server) and LPR (Client)
      1.4.6.2      PC-NFS Print Server
      1.4.6.3      TELNET Print Symbiont
    1.4.7      SNMP

  1.5     NFS
    1.5.1      NFS Server
    1.5.2      File System
    1.5.3      NFS Client
    1.5.4      PC-NFS

  1.6     End-User Services
    1.6.1      FTP Server and Client
      1.6.1.1      Anonymous User Access
    1.6.2      Remote (R) Commands
      1.6.2.1      RCP
      1.6.2.2      RLOGIN
      1.6.2.3      RSH
      1.6.2.4      REXEC
    1.6.3      SMTP
    1.6.4      TELNET

  1.7     Documentation

  2      UCX Management:  Overview and Tools

  2.1     Management Overview
    2.1.1      Databases
    2.1.2      Terminology
    2.1.3      Preliminary Planning

  2.2     Management Tools
    2.2.1      Management Control Program
      2.2.1.1      Reasons for Using the Management Commands
      2.2.1.2      Counters
      2.2.1.3      Event Logging
    2.2.2      Trace Utility
    2.2.3      Logical Names

  Part II    Kernel Software

  3      Connecting to the Network

  3.1     Network Hardware Devices
    3.1.1      Defining New Models of Network Controllers
    3.1.2      Deleting Definitions of Network Controllers

  3.2     Internet Interfaces
    3.2.1      Configuring Interfaces
      3.2.1.1      Before Configuration
      3.2.1.2      Specifying the Interface
      3.2.1.3      Specifying the Network Mask

  3.3     Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

  3.4     Routing
    3.4.1      Basic Routing Terminology
    3.4.2      Routing Management Commands
    3.4.3      Dynamic Routing (RIP)
    3.4.4      Manually Managing Routing
      3.4.4.1      Creating a New Routes Database
      3.4.4.2      Manually Defining Routes (Static Routes)
      3.4.4.3      Displaying Manually Defined Routes
    3.4.5      Starting and Stopping Routing
    3.4.6      Configuring the Gateway Function (IP Forwarding)
    3.4.7      Datagram Re-assembly Time
    3.4.8      Subnetwork Routing
      3.4.8.1      Extending Subnetwork Routing
      3.4.8.2      Interface Routes

  3.5     SLIP and CSLIP
    3.5.1      Protocol Description
    3.5.2      Uses for SLIP
    3.5.3      Setting Up a SLIP Interface: Overview
      3.5.3.1      Setting Up SLIP: Hard-wired Lines
      3.5.3.2      Setting Up SLIP: Dialup Lines
      3.5.3.3      Setting Up SLIP: UCX As a Dialup SLIP Provider
      3.5.3.4      Setting Up a Host "Directly Connected" to the LAN
      3.5.3.5      UCX As a SLIP Gateway with Proxy ARP
    3.5.4      Shutting Down SLIP
    3.5.5      Troubleshooting SLIP

  3.6     Support Software:  PWIP and DECwindows
    3.6.1      PWIP
    3.6.2      DECwindows

  4      Starting the Services

  4.1     Auxiliary Server
    4.1.1      How the Auxiliary Server Works
      4.1.1.1      Rejections
      4.1.1.2      Security
    4.1.2      Configuring the Auxiliary Server

  4.2     Enabling Services
    4.2.1      Socket Types
    4.2.2      Activation Flags

  4.3     Starting and Stopping UCX
    4.3.1      Starting

  4.4     Configuring TCP/IP Cluster Systems
    4.4.1      Cluster Alias
    4.4.2      Automatic Failover
    4.4.3      Setting Up a TCP/IP Cluster
      4.4.3.1      Cluster Timer
      4.4.3.2      Directing Traffic to a Single Host

  4.5     Reconfiguring the BIND Resolver

  Part III   Network Services

  5      Domain Name Service (BIND Server)

  5.1     Basic DNS Terminology

  5.2     Preconfiguration Planning
    5.2.1      Evaluating the Need for DNS
    5.2.2      Planning a Domain Hierarchy Strategy
      5.2.2.1      Finding Existing Servers with NSLOOKUP
      5.2.2.2      Domain Hierarchy Planning: Guidelines
      5.2.2.3      Creating Zones
    5.2.3      Domain Naming Conventions
      5.2.3.1      Case Sensitivity
      5.2.3.2      Reverse Lookups
    5.2.4      Identifying Zone Contents and Administration
    5.2.5      Selecting Hosts To Be Servers
      5.2.5.1      Selecting Guidelines
      5.2.5.2      Selecting Primary Servers
      5.2.5.3      Selecting Secondary Servers
      5.2.5.4      Selecting Caching-only Servers
      5.2.5.5      Selecting Forwarder and Slave Servers
      5.2.5.6      Selecting Locations:  LANs and Extended LANs
      5.2.5.7      Selecting Locations:  WANs
    5.2.6      Capacity Planning and Dedicated Servers
    5.2.7      Registering Your Domain
    5.2.8      Selecting the Method of Load Balancing

  5.3     DNS Databases
    5.3.1      NAMEd.LOCAL
      5.3.1.1      Sample NAMEd.LOCAL File
      5.3.1.2      Creating NAMEd.LOCAL
    5.3.2      NAMEd.CA
      5.3.2.1      Sample NAMEd.CA File
      5.3.2.2      Creating NAMEd.CA
    5.3.3      DOMAIN_NAME.DB
      5.3.3.1      Sample DOMAIN_NAME.DB File
    5.3.4      ADDRESS.DB - Reverse Mapping
      5.3.4.1      Sample ADDRESS.DB File
    5.3.5      BIND Server Boot File
    5.3.6      Host Table

  5.4     DNS Load Balancing
    5.4.1      Round-Robin Scheduling
    5.4.2      Cluster Load Balancing
      5.4.2.1      Requirements of Cluster Load Balancing
      5.4.2.2      How UCX Computes the Load Metric
    5.4.3      Metric Server
      5.4.3.1      Load Computation
      5.4.3.2      Setting a Load Bias

  5.5     Populating the BIND Server Database
    5.5.1      Using Existing Databases
    5.5.2      Adding Individual Records

  5.6     Configuring the BIND Server
    5.6.1      Configuring Cluster Load Balancing
    5.6.2      Setting Up a Primary Name Server
    5.6.3      Setting Up a Secondary Name Server
      5.6.3.1      Backup Copies
    5.6.4      Setting Up a Forwarder Name Server
    5.6.5      Configuring the Remaining Hosts

  5.7     Displaying DNS Information

  5.8     Global DNS Information - NSLOOKUP
    5.8.1      Starting and Stopping NSLOOKUP
    5.8.2      Guidelines for Using NSLOOKUP
    5.8.3      NSLOOKUP Commands
      5.8.3.1      Online Help
    5.8.4      Initialization File

  5.9     InterNIC Registration Services
    5.9.1      Using the Automated Mail Service
    5.9.2      Using FTP
    5.9.3      Internet Registration
    5.9.4      Registration Templates
    5.9.5      Registration Services User Assistance

  5.10    Troubleshooting

  6      BOOTP, TFTP, Portmapper, NTP, and SNMP

  6.1     BOOTP and TFTP
    6.1.1      Overview of BOOTP
    6.1.2      BOOTP Management Commands
    6.1.3      BOOTP and TFTP Logical Names
    6.1.4      BOOTP and TFTP Planning and Preconfiguration Tasks
      6.1.4.1      Network Configuration Decisions
      6.1.4.2      BOOTP Service Decisions
    6.1.5      BOOTP Security
    6.1.6      Creating a BOOTP Database
    6.1.7      Populating the BOOTP Database
      6.1.7.1      Converting UNIX Records
      6.1.7.2      Creating Individual Entries
    6.1.8      Modifying and Deleting Entries
    6.1.9      Setting Up the BOOTP and TFTP Services
    6.1.10     Monitoring BOOTP and TFTP Processes
    6.1.11     Enabling and Disabling BOOTP and TFTP

  6.2     TFTP
    6.2.1      TFTP Management Commands
    6.2.2      TFTP Directory Structure
    6.2.3      Upline Dumping

  6.3     Portmapper
    6.3.1      Portmapper Service:  Overview
    6.3.2      Configuring Services To Use the Portmapper
    6.3.3      Displaying Portmapper Information
    6.3.4      Starting and Stopping the Portmapper

  6.4     NTP
    6.4.1      Strata Numbers
    6.4.2      NTP Logging
    6.4.3      NTP Configuration File
      6.4.3.1      Defining Time-Zone Offsets
        6.4.3.1.1       Time-Zone Offsets on OpenVMS Version 5
        6.4.3.1.2       Time-Zone Offsets on OpenVMS Version 6
      6.4.3.2      Configuring NTP Peers
      6.4.3.3      Configuring Client Mode and Server Mode
      6.4.3.4      Configuring a Master Server
      6.4.3.5      Configuring a Local-Master
      6.4.3.6      Configuration Example

  6.5     SNMP
    6.5.1      SNMP Overview
    6.5.2      Configuring SNMP
      6.5.2.1      Information You Need
    6.5.3      Displaying the Current SNMP Configuration

  7      Print Services:  LPD, PC-NFS, and TELNET Print Symbiont

  7.1     LPD
    7.1.1      Logical Names
    7.1.2      Initial Printer Configuration
    7.1.3      Requirements
    7.1.4      Printcap Database
    7.1.5      Print Queues
    7.1.6      Security
    7.1.7      Communication Proxies
    7.1.8      LPR/LPD OPCOM Messages
    7.1.9      OpenVMS FLAG PAGE Options

  7.2     PC-NFS Print Server
    7.2.1      Setting Up PC-NFS
    7.2.2      Disabling and Enabling PC-NFS
    7.2.3      Maintaining Print Queues
    7.2.4      Print Functions from the PC Client

  7.3     TELNET Print Symbiont (TELNETSYM)
    7.3.1      Setting Up a Print Queue
    7.3.2      Link Establishment
    7.3.3      Link Shutdown
    7.3.4      Output Byte Stream
    7.3.5      Configuring Print Queues
      7.3.5.1      Stream of Print Bytes Sent Over the Link
      7.3.5.2      Diagnostics Logging
      7.3.5.3      Characteristics of the TCP/IP Link
      7.3.5.4      Establishment and Release of the TCP/IP Link
      7.3.5.5      Setting the Number of Execution Queues
    7.3.6      Relay Queues
    7.3.7      Problems

  Part IV    NFS

  8      NFS Concepts

  8.1     Basic Terminology

  8.2     Overview of NFS Functions
    8.2.1      Differences Between OpenVMS and UNIX File Systems
    8.2.2      NFS Server Functions
    8.2.3      Record Formats
    8.2.4      Making an NFS File System Available to Users
    8.2.5      Making an NFS File System Unavailable
    8.2.6      NFS File System
    8.2.7      UNIX-Style File System
    8.2.8      Appropriate File Systems for NFS Clients
    8.2.9      Run-Time Library

  8.3     How NFS Maps User Identities
    8.3.1      Rules for Accessing Files Using the NFS Client
    8.3.2      File Ownership Mapping
    8.3.3      How NFS Converts File Names
    8.3.4      Access Control and Ownership
      8.3.4.1      Access Control on the Server
      8.3.4.2      Access Control on the Client
    8.3.5      NFS Protocol Restrictions

  8.4     Proxy Database
    8.4.1      Requirements
    8.4.2      Related Management Commands
    8.4.3      Creating a Proxy Database
    8.4.4      Adding Entries
    8.4.5      Structure
    8.4.6      Guidelines for Entering Proxy Database Entries

  8.5     Portmapper - Required by NFS

  9      NFS Server

  9.1     NFS Server Management Tasks - Summary

  9.2     NFS Databases
    9.2.1      Export Database
    9.2.2      Proxy Database and Identity Mapping

  9.3     Access to an NFS Server
    9.3.1       Mapping an NFS Identity
    9.3.2       Mapping a Remote Superuser
    9.3.3      Mounting a File System
    9.3.4      The Unmappable User
    9.3.5      Assigning New File Ownership
    9.3.6      Listing Files
    9.3.7      NFS Server and ACLs
    9.3.8      OpenVMS and UNIX Proxy Information

  9.4     Client Registration

  9.5     Making File Systems Available to NFS Clients
    9.5.1      Setting Up and Exporting an OpenVMS File System
    9.5.2      Setting Up and Exporting a UNIX File System

  9.6     Creating a UNIX-Style File System

  9.7     Setting Up a UNIX-Style File System
    9.7.1      Mapping the OpenVMS Volume
    9.7.2      Mapping the Container File System
    9.7.3      Creating Top-Level Directories

  9.8     System Logical Name Definitions

  9.9     Maintaining UNIX-Style File Systems
    9.9.1      Displaying Directory Listings
    9.9.2      Copying Files into UNIX File Systems
    9.9.3      Removing Links to a File
    9.9.4      Removing Links to a Directory
    9.9.5      Deleting a UNIX File System
    9.9.6      Verifying the Integrity of a UNIX File System
    9.9.7      How to Back Up UNIX-style File Systems
      9.9.7.1      Restoring UNIX-Style File Systems
      9.9.7.2      Restoring CFS UNIX File Systems

  9.10    Starting the NFS Server

  9.11    Running the NFS Server on Cluster Systems

  9.12    Stopping the NFS Server

  9.13    Tuning Performance
    9.13.1     Displaying Performance Information
    9.13.2     NFS Server Logical Names
    9.13.3     NFS Server Account
    9.13.4     UAF File Limits
    9.13.5     OpenVMS SYSGEN Parameters

  10     NFS Client

  10.1    Mounting Commands

  10.2    Mounting Options
    10.2.1     Regular Mounting
    10.2.2     Automounting
    10.2.3     Background Mounting
    10.2.4     Overmounting
    10.2.5     Occluded Mounting

  11     PC-NFS Authentication Server

  11.1    How PC-NFS Works

  11.2    Requirements for Authentication

  11.3    Nobody Account

  Part V    End-User Services

  12     FTP, R Commands, SMTP, and TELNET

  12.1    FTP
    12.1.1     Anonymous FTP
      12.1.1.1     Concealed File Systems
      12.1.1.2     Setting Up Anonymous FTP
    12.1.2     Enabling and Disabling FTP
    12.1.3     FTP Logical Names
    12.1.4     FTP Log Files

  12.2    Remote (R) Commands
    12.2.1     Security
      12.2.1.1     Communication Proxies
    12.2.2     Case-Sensitivity Flag
    12.2.3     Creating a Welcome Message

  12.3    SMTP
    12.3.1     SMTP Management Commands: Summary
    12.3.2     Configuring SMTP
    12.3.3     MX Records
      12.3.3.1     Creating MX Records
      12.3.3.2     SMTP Headers
      12.3.3.3     SMTP Routing
      12.3.3.4     SMTP Zones
    12.3.4     Enabling SMTP
    12.3.5     Mail Utility Files
    12.3.6     SMTP Queues
      12.3.6.1     Displaying Queues
      12.3.6.2     Changing the Number of Queues
      12.3.6.3     Starting a Stopped Queue
      12.3.6.4     SMTP Logging
    12.3.7     POSTMASTER Account
    12.3.8     Displaying SMTP Routing Information
    12.3.9     SMTP Distribution Lists

  12.4    TELNET
    12.4.1     Maximum Number of User Sessions
    12.4.2     Creating and Deleting Sessions
    12.4.3     Displaying LogIn Messages
    12.4.4     Creating a Welcome Message
    12.4.5     TELNET Client:  TN3270
      12.4.5.1     Modifying Translation Tables
      12.4.5.2     Building Translation Tables

  Part VI    Troubleshooting

  13     Troubleshooting

  13.1    Tuning Performance
    13.1.1     Permanent Settings
    13.1.2     Isolating the Problem
    13.1.3     Buffer Usage
      13.1.3.1     Nonpaged Pool
      13.1.3.2     Setting Optimal Large Buffer Sizes
      13.1.3.3     Pre-allocated MBUFs
      13.1.3.4     Dynamically Allocated MBUFs
    13.1.4     Device-Sockets
      13.1.4.1     Terminating TCP Connections
    13.1.5     Checksum Calculations

  13.2    General Problems
    13.2.1     Verifying Availability
    13.2.2     Checking Connectivity
    13.2.3     OPCOM Messages
    13.2.4     Analyzing Services

  13.3    BIND Server
    13.3.1     Server Not Responding
    13.3.2     BIND Server Load Balancing
      13.3.2.1     Logical Names
      13.3.2.2     Metric View Utility

  13.4    BOOTP

  13.5    TFTP
      13.5.0.1     Monitoring Client Activity
      13.5.0.2     Monitoring the TFTP Process

  13.6    FTP
    13.6.1     FTP Performance
    13.6.2     Default Buffer Size
    13.6.3     File Allocation and Extension Sizes
    13.6.4     Inactivity Timer

  13.7    Printing:  LPD
    13.7.1     UCX$LPD_DEBUG and UCX$LPD_RCV Logical Names

  13.8    Printing:  TELNETSYM
    13.8.1     Using UCX$TELNETSYM for the First Time
    13.8.2     Printing to Digital Terminal Servers
    13.8.3     Stalled Print Queues
    13.8.4     TELNETSYM Logging
    13.8.5     Format Problems
    13.8.6     Buffer Dumps

  13.9    SLIP

  13.10   SMTP
    13.10.1    Verifying SMTP Control Files

  13.11   TELNET
    13.11.1    TELNET Characteristics That Affect Performance
    13.11.2    Internet ACP Byte Limit Quota
    13.11.3    Requests That Cannot Be Satisfied
    13.11.4    Data Buffer Allocation

  A   Error Messages

  A.1     Display Terminal Error Messages

  A.2     PING Messages

  A.3     File System Messages

  A.4     SMTP Error Messages
    A.4.1      Messages Displayed on the Sender's Screen
    A.4.2      SMTP Symbiont Error Messages
    A.4.3      SMTP ANALYZE Utility Error Messages
    A.4.4      UCP Error Messages

  B   ANALYZE CONTAINER Validation Messages

  B.1     Summary Information

  B.2     General Information Messages

  B.3     Super block Validation Messages

  B.4     Directory and Raw Data Validation Messages

  B.5     Bitmap and Deleted Cells Validation Messages

  B.6     Directory Hierarchy Reconstruction Messages

  C   Customized Security Driver: Template

  C.1     Implementation

  C.2     Example Command File for Building the Security Driver

  D   EBCDIC/DMCS Translation Tables

  D.1     Macros for Modifying the Translation Tables

  D.2     Building Translation Tables

  D.3     Examples of Modifying Translation Tables

  E   Acronyms

  EXAMPLES

  9-1        Multiple NFS Client Users Per OpenVMS Account

  9-2        SHOW CFS

  9-3        SHOW CFS/SUMMARY Display

  FIGURES

  1-1        UCX Components

  1-2        DECnet/OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models

  1-3        OpenVMS Offering Print Services with LPR/LPD

  1-4        OpenVMS Offering Print Services with the TELNET Print Symbiont

  1-5        NFS Client/Server Relationship with UCX NFS Server

  1-6        NFS Client/Server Relationship with UCX NFS Client

  1-7        OpenVMS Offering Internet Mail Services with SMTP

  1-8        OpenVMS Offering Remote Terminal Services with TELNET

  3-1        Configuration of Distant Networks Connected by SLIP

  3-2        Using SLIP to Dial In to a Terminal Server

  3-3        OpenVMS System Answering a Dial-up Call

  5-1        Sample DNS Network Configuration

  5-2        BIND Server Configuration With Cluster Load Balancing

  5-3        BIND Server and Resolver Configuration

  8-1        A Client's File System

  8-2        Sample NFS File System

  9-1        Exported File System

  9-2        Exporting and Importing Files

  TABLES

  1-1        RFC Compliance

  2-1        TCPIPTRACE Command Qualifiers

  2-2        UCX Logical Names

  3-1        Examples of Internet Interface Names

  3-2        Configuring SLIP: SET INTERFACE and SET CONFIGURATION INTERFACE Commands

  5-1        DNS Management Profile

  5-2        Functional and Geographic Hierarchies

  5-3        Joining or Creating a Zone

  5-4        DNS Memory Requirements

  5-5        NSLOOKUP: Running and Exiting Options

  5-6        NSLOOKUP: ls Command Options

  5-7        NSLOOKUP: set Command Options

  5-8        Public DNS Information

  5-9        Copying Free Information from InterNIC

  5-10       Registration Templates

  6-1        BOOTP Management Commands

  6-2        BOOTP and TFTP Logical Names

  6-3        TFTP Management Commands

  7-1        Basic LPD Definitions

  8-1        Basic NFS Definitions

  8-2        File System Selection for Client Needs

  8-3        NFS Client:  Name Conversion

  8-4        NFS-to-OpenVMS File Name Translation Rules

  8-5        Required Fields for NFS Proxies

  9-1        UNIX File System Components Analyzed

  9-2        File-Attributes Cache Values

  9-3        Services and Resources Allocation Values

  9-4        Logging Error Messages

  9-5        Security Logical Name Mask Bits

  10-1       Options with Regular Mounting

  12-1       SMTP Management Commands

  12-2       Default SMTP Utility Files

  12-3       TN3270 Translation Tables: Customizing with Macros

  13-1       Queue Size Quotas for Device-Sockets

  13-2       Default Buffer Sizes

  13-3       Modifying MBUF Allocation

  13-4       Channel-Assigning to Internet Pseudo-Devices

  13-5       SHOW DEVICE_SOCKET Command:  Counters

  13-6       SHOW PROTOCOL Display

  D-1        Modifications to Translation Tables

  E-1        Acronyms