CONTENTS Title Page Copyright Page Preface 1 Introduction to DEC TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS 1.1 Overview of DEC TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS 1.2 TCP/IP Architecture 1.3 Core Environment 1.3.1 Internet Device Driver 1.3.2 Network Layer Protocols 1.3.2.1 Internet Protocol 1.3.2.2 Routing Information Protocol 1.3.2.3 Internet Control Message Protocol 1.3.2.4 Address Resolution Protocol 1.3.3 Transport Layer Protocols 1.3.3.1 Transmission Control Protocol 1.3.3.2 User Datagram Protocol 1.3.4 Berkeley Internet Name Domain Resolver 1.3.5 Auxiliary Server 1.3.6 Application Programming Interfaces 1.3.7 Application Support 1.4 Network Services 1.4.1 Bootstrap Protocol 1.4.2 Trivial File Transfer Protocol 1.4.3 Simple Network Management Protocol 1.4.4 Berkeley Internet Name Domain Server 1.4.5 Portmapper 1.5 Network File System 1.5.1 NFS Server 1.5.2 NFS Client 1.5.3 PC-NFS Daemon 1.6 End-User Services 1.6.1 TELNET 1.6.2 TELNET Print Symbiont 1.6.3 File Transfer Protocol 1.6.3.1 Anonymous User Access 1.6.4 Remote Login, Remote Shell, and Remote Execution 1.6.5 Remote Line Printer Protocol (LPR) and Line Printer Daemon Protocol (LPD) 1.6.6 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 1.6.6.1 SMTP Mailing Lists 1.7 Management 1.7.1 Management Control Program 1.7.2 Configuration Procedure 1.7.3 The nslookup Utility 1.7.4 Startup and Shutdown Command Procedures 1.7.5 Logical Names 2 Networking and TCP/IP Concepts 2.1 Networks 2.1.1 Local Area Networks 2.1.2 Wide Area Networks 2.1.3 Subnets 2.2 Internetworks 2.3 Client-Server Model 2.4 IP Addresses 2.4.1 IP Address Notation 2.4.2 IP Network Numbers 2.4.3 Network Mask 2.4.4 Broadcast Mask 2.5 Routing 2.5.0.1 Subnet Routing 2.5.1 How Dynamic Routing Works 2.5.2 Fragmentation 2.6 Ports 2.6.1 Privileged Port Numbers 2.6.2 Port Binding 2.6.3 Port Assignment 2.7 Sockets and Device-Sockets 2.7.1 Communication Domains 2.7.2 Socket Types and Protocols 2.8 Socket Communications 2.8.1 Connection-Oriented Sockets 2.8.2 Connectionless Sockets (UDP) 2.8.3 Deleting Sockets 3 BIND Service Concepts 3.1 Overview of the BIND Service 3.2 BIND Service Components 3.3 Domains 3.3.1 Top-Level Domains 3.3.2 Domain Administrator Role 3.4 Domain Names 3.4.1 Types of Domain Names 3.4.2 Canonical Names and Aliases 3.4.3 Domain Name Format 3.5 Zones 3.5.1 Zone Hierarchy Example 3.6 Reverse Translation Domain 3.7 BIND Server Functions 3.7.1 Root Servers 3.7.1.1 Internet Root Servers 3.7.2 Master Servers 3.7.3 Caching-only Servers 3.7.4 Slave Servers 3.7.5 Forwarder Servers 3.7.6 Configurations Without Internet Access 3.8 BIND Server Files 3.8.1 Master Zone Files 3.8.2 Boot Files 3.8.3 Loopback Interface File 3.8.4 Hints File 3.8.5 Reverse Translation File 3.9 BIND Clients 4 Network File System Concepts 4.1 Overview of NFS 4.1.1 Clients and Servers 4.1.2 Distributed File Access Versus Local Access 4.1.3 Transparent File Access 4.1.4 Easily Extensible 4.1.5 High Performance 4.1.6 Idempotent Operations 4.2 The NFS Protocol 4.3 Components of the NFS Model 4.4 Related Databases 4.5 The PC-NFS Daemon 4.5.1 PC-NFS Authentication 4.5.2 PC-NFS Printing 5 Considerations When Using NFS Software 5.1 Directory Hierarchies 5.2 File Specifications 5.2.1 Absolute and Relative File Specifications 5.2.2 File Names 5.2.3 Case Sensitivity 5.2.4 File Types 5.2.5 Version Numbers 5.3 Linking Files 5.3.1 Hard Links 5.3.2 Symbolic Links 5.4 File Structures 5.4.1 File Size Discrepancies 5.5 File Ownership 5.5.1 OpenVMS File Ownership 5.5.2 UNIX File Ownership 5.6 File Protections 5.7 UNIX-Style File System on UCX Hosts 6 Planning for UCX Services 6.1 Considering Local User Issues 6.2 Considering Remote User Issues 6.3 Determining BOOTP Configuration Issues 7 BIND Service Planning 7.1 Planning a Domain Hierarchy Strategy 7.1.1 Finding Existing BIND Service Information 7.1.2 Domain Hierarchy Guidelines 7.1.3 Do You Want to Create Zones? 7.2 Developing Domain Naming Conventions 7.2.1 Case Sensitivity 7.2.2 Planning Domain Names for Reverse Lookups 7.3 Defining Zone Contents and Administration 7.4 Selecting Servers 7.4.1 Server Selection Guidelines 7.4.2 Selecting Primary Servers 7.4.3 Selecting Secondary Servers 7.4.4 Selecting Caching-only Servers 7.4.5 Selecting Forwarder and Slave Servers 7.4.6 Server Placement Guidelines for LANs and Extended LANs 7.4.7 Server Placement Guidelines for Sites Connected by a WAN 7.5 Planning Domain Registration A InterNIC Registration Services A.1 Using the Automated Mail Service A.1.1 Using FTP A.2 Internet Registration A.2.1 Registration Templates A.2.2 Registration Services User Assistance Glossary G.1 Definitions 822 . . . ACP active port . . . administrative domain aged packet . . . American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) Ancillary Control Process (ACP) . . . Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) asynchronous transmission . . . bandwidth baseband . . . Bits per second (bps) block . . . broadcast address broadcast addressing . . . bus cache . . . client client-server relationship . . . connectionless connectivity . . . data cluster data link . . . DEC TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS decision . . . dialup Digital Command Language (DCL) . . . drift Dynamic Adaptive Routing . . . entity group entity hierarchy . . . extended LAN External Gateway Protocol (EGP) . . . File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Files-11 ODS level 2 structure . . . gateway gateway client . . . hop hop count . . . initial sequence number interface . . . Internet Protocol (IP) interoperability . . . LAN layer . . . local subnetwork logical connectivity . . . mail path Management Information Base (MIB) . . . MIB II mode . . . MX Record NAK . . . Network File System (NFS) Network Information Service (NIS) . . . NFS NFS Client . . . normalization ~ . . . path path cost . . . Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) polling . . . protocol protocol machine . . . public domain RARP . . . remote node Remote Procedure Call (RPC) . . . RFC 822 RIP . . . Routes Database routed . . . Run-time Library (RTL) SCALE . . . service user Services Database . . . split horizon splitting . . . symbiont symbolic link . . . terminating packet TFTP . . . transceiver transit network . . . UID UNIX-style File System . . . Wide Area Network (WAN) wildcarding . . . Acronyms G.2 Acronyms EXAMPLES 3-1 Master Zone File FIGURES 1 The DEC TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Documentation Set 1-1 Relationship Between TCP/IP and OSI Models 1-2 UCX Protocol Architecture 1-3 Core Environment 1-4 Network Services - Application Layer 1-5 Network File System - Application Layer 1-6 NFS Client-Server Relationship 1-7 End-User Services - Application Layer 1-8 TELNET 1-9 Network Printing Configuration Using the TELNET Print Symbiont 1-10 FTP 1-11 Using R Commands in Accounts on Remote Hosts 1-12 Printing Remotely with LPD/LPR 1-13 Sending Mail with SMTP 2-1 Typical Subnetwork 2-2 Client-Server Relationship 2-3 IP Addresses and Names of a Sample Internet 2-4 IP Network Classes 2-5 Class A Network Mask, Example 1 2-6 Class A Network Mask, Example 2 2-7 Class B Network Mask 2-8 Internet Routing 2-9 Subnet Routing on Multiple Physical Networks 2-10 Port Number Ranges 2-11 Device-Socket 3-1 Internet Domain Hierarchy 3-2 Hierarchy of BIND Zones and Domains on the Internet 3-3 Relationship of Master/Forwarder Server and Slave Servers 5-1 OpenVMS Directory Hierarchy 5-2 UNIX Directory Hierarchy TABLES 1 Documentation Conventions 1-1 Network Architecture Description 2-1 Network Number Ranges 2-2 Broadcast Addresses 3-1 Top-Level Domains 4-1 Basic NFS Definitions 4-2 Databases Used by NFS Server and Client 5-1 Directory Hierarchy Differences 5-2 File Protection Comparison 7-1 Functional and Geographic Hierarchies 7-2 Joining or Creating a Zone A-1 Registration Templates 1 Acronyms