 

Software
Product
Description

___________________________________________________________________

PRODUCT NAME:  HP Fortran Version 7.6 for OpenVMS Alpha Systems SPD 56.18.15

DESCRIPTION

This is the Software Product Description (SPD) for HP Fortran (for-
merly Compaq Fortran) Version 7.6 for OpenVMS[TM] Alpha) Systems. HP
Fortran contains both the HP Fortran 95/90 Version 7.6 software and
the HP Fortran 77 Version 7.6 software as well as the HP Extended Math
Library (CXML). In the following description, HP Fortran refers to HP
Fortran 95/90 unless a specific reference to the 95/90 or 77 product
is needed to distinguish between the two software products.

HP Fortran is an implementation of the Fortran programming language
that supports the FORTRAN 66, FORTRAN 77, Fortran 90, and Fortran 95
standards. HP Fortran 95/90 and HP Fortran 77 fully support the fol-
lowing standards:

o  ANSI X3.9-1966 (FORTRAN 66)

o  ANSI X3.9-1978 (FORTRAN 77)

o  ISO 1539-1980(E) (FORTRAN 77)

o  MIL-STD-1753

o  FIPS-69-1 (HP Fortran meets the requirements of this standard by
   conforming to the ANSI Standard and by including a flagger. The flag-
   ger optionally produces diagnostic messages for compile-time el-
   ements that do not conform to the Full-Level ANSI Fortran Standard.)

HP Fortran 95/90 supports all of the standards that HP Fortran 77 sup-
ports plus the following new standards:

o  ANSI X3.198-1992 (Fortran 90)

                                                          July 2003

 

o  ISO/IEC 1539-1:1997(E) (Fortran 95)

HP FORTRAN

HP Fortran supports extensions to the ISO and ANSI standards, includ-
ing a number of extensions defined by HP Fortran for the various HP
Fortran platforms (operating system/architecture pairs). In addition
to HP OpenVMS Alpha systems, HP Fortran platforms include:

o  HP Fortran for Linux[R] Alpha systems

o  HP Fortran and HP Fortran 77 on HP Tru64[TM] UNIX[R] Alpha systems

o  HP Fortran 77 for OpenVMS VAX[TM] systems

Major additions to the FORTRAN 77 standard introduced by the Fortran
90 standard include:

o  Array operations

o  Improved facilities for numeric computation

o  Parameterized intrinsic data types

o  User-defined data types

o  Facilities for modular data and procedure definitions

o  Pointers

o  The concept of language evolution

o  Support for DATE_AND_TIME intrinsic for obtaining dates using a four-
   digit year format

HP Fortran contains full support for the Fortran 95 standard, including 
the following features:

o  FORALL statement and construct

o  Automatic deallocation of ALLOCATABLE arrays

o  DIM argument to MAXLOC and MINLOC

o  PURE user-defined subprograms

                                 2

 

o  ELEMENTAL user-defined subprograms (a restricted form of a pure pro-
   cedure)

o  Pointer initialization (initial value)

o  The NULL intrinsic to nullify a pointer

o  Derived-type structure initialization

o  CPU_TIME intrinsic subroutine

o  KIND argument to CEILING and FLOOR intrinsics

o  Nested WHERE constructs, masked ELSEWHERE statement, and named WHERE
   constructs

o  Comments allowed in namelist input

o  Generic identifier in END INTERFACE statements

o  Minimal width field editing using a numeric edit descriptor with
   0 width

o  Detection of Obsolescent and/or Deleted features listed in the For-
   tran 95 standard. HP Fortran flags these obsolescent and deleted
   features, but fully supports them.

HP Fortran includes the following features and enhancements:

o  Full support for 64-bit address space, including 64-bit static space

o  Support for providing cross-reference information to the DEC Source
   Code Analyzer component of DECset for OpenVMS

o  Support for linking against static and shared libraries

o  Support for creating shareable code to be put into a shared library

o  Support for stack-based storage

o  Support for dynamic memory allocation

o  Support for reading and writing binary data files in nonnative for-
   mats, including IEEE[R] (little-endian and big-endian), VAX, IBM[R]
   System\360, and CRAY[R] integer and floating point formats

                                 3

 

o  User control over IEEE floating point exception handling, report-
   ing, and resulting values

o  Control for memory boundary alignment of items in COMMON and fields
   in structures and warnings for unaligned data

o  Directives to control listing page titles and subtitles, object file
   identification field, COMMON and record field alignment, and some
   attributes of COMMON blocks

o  Ability to CALL an external function subprogram

o  7200 Character Statement Length

o  Free form unlimited line length

o  Mixing Subroutines/Functions in Generic Interfaces

o  Composite data declarations using STRUCTURE, END STRUCTURE, and RECORD
   statements, and access to record components through field refer-
   ences

o  Explicit specification of storage allocation units for data types
   such as:

      INTEGER*4
      LOGICAL*4
      REAL*4
      REAL*8
      COMPLEX*8

o  Support for 64-bit signed integers using INTEGER*8 and LOGICAL*8

o  Support for 128-bit floating-point real numbers (reals) using REAL*16
   and COMPLEX*32

o  A set of data types:

   -  BYTE

   -  LOGICAL*1, LOGICAL*2, LOGICAL*4, LOGICAL*8

   -  INTEGER*1, INTEGER*2, INTEGER*4, INTEGER*8

   -  REAL*4, REAL*8, REAL*16

                                 4

 

   -  COMPLEX*8, COMPLEX*16, DOUBLE COMPLEX, COMPLEX*32

   -  POINTER (CRAY style)

o  Data statement style initialization in type declaration statements

o  AUTOMATIC and STATIC statements

o  Bit constants to initialize LOGICAL, REAL, and INTEGER values and
   participate in arithmetic and logical expressions

o  Built-in functions %LOC, %REF, %VAL, and %DESCR

o  VOLATILE statement

o  Bit manipulation functions

o  Binary, hexadecimal, and octal constants and Z and O format edit
   descriptors applicable to all data types

o  I/O unit numbers that can be any nonnegative INTEGER*4 value

o  Variable amounts of data can be read from and written to STREAM
   files, which contain no record delimiters

o  ENCODE and DECODE statements

o  ACCEPT, TYPE, and REWRITE input/output statements

o  DEFINE FILE, UNLOCK, and DELETE statements

o  USEROPEN subroutine invocation at file OPEN time

o  Support for reading nondelimited character strings as input for char-
   acter NAMELIST items

o  Debug statements in source

o  Generation of a source listing file with optional machine code rep-
   resentation of the executable source

o  Variable format expressions in a FORMAT statement

o  Optional run-time bounds checking of array subscripts and charac-
   ter substrings

o  31-character identifiers that can include dollar sign ($) and un-
   derscore (_)

                                 5

 

o  Support for executing in-line assembler code using the ASM intrin-
   sics

o  Support for the supercomputer intrinsics POPCNT, POPPAR, LEADZ, TRAILZ,
   and MULT_HIGH

o  Language elements that support the various extended range and ex-
   tended precision floating point architectural features:

   -  32-bit VAX F_floating data type, with an 8-bit exponent and 24-
      bit mantissa, which provides a range of 0.293873588E-38 to 1.7014117E38
      and a precision of typically 7 decimal digits

   -  64-bit VAX D_floating data type, with an 8-bit exponent and 56-
      bit mantissa, which provides a range of 0.2938735877055719D-38
      to 1.70141183460469229D38 and a precision of typically 16 dec-
      imal digits. Calculations with D_floating data on Alpha systems
      use G_floating precision (53-bit instead of 56-bit mantissa)

   -  64-bit VAX G_floating data type, with an 11-bit exponent and 53-
      bit mantissa, which provides a range of 0.5562684646268004D-308
      to 0.89884656743115785407D308 and a precision of typically 15
      decimal digits

   -  32-bit IEEE S_floating data type, with an 8-bit exponent and 24-
      bit mantissa, which provides a range of 1.17549435E-38 (normal-
      ized) to 3.40282347E38 (the IEEE denormalized limit is 1.40129846E-
      45) and a precision of typically 7 decimal digits

   -  64-bit IEEE T_floating data type, with an 11-bit exponent and
      53-bit mantissa, which provides a range of 2.2250738585072013D-
      308 (normalized) to 1.7976931348623158D308 (the IEEE denormal-
      ized limit is 4.94065645841246544D-324) and a precision of typ-
      ically 15 decimal digits

   -  128-bit IEEE extended Alpha X_floating data type, with a 15-bit
      exponent and a 113-bit mantissa, which provides a range of ap-
      proximately 6.48Q-4966 to 1.18Q4932 and a precision of typically
      33 decimal digits

                                 6

 

   -  The following combinations of floating types may be specified:

      -  F, G and X (the default)

      -  F, D and X (VAX)

      -  S, T and X (IEEE)

o  Command line control for:

   -  The size of default INTEGER, REAL, and DOUBLE PRECISION data items

   -  The levels and types of optimization to be applied to the pro-
      gram

   -  The directories to search for INCLUDE files

   -  Inclusion or suppression of various compile-time warnings

   -  Inclusion or suppression of run-time checking for various I/O
      and computational errors

   -  Control over whether compilation terminates after a specific num-
      ber of errors has been found

   -  Choosing whether executing code will be thread-reentrant

o  Internal procedures can be passed as actual arguments to procedures

o  Kind types for all of the hardware-supported data types:

   -  For 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-byte LOGICAL data:

         LOGICAL (KIND=1)
         LOGICAL (KIND=2)
         LOGICAL (KIND=4)
         LOGICAL (KIND=8)

   -  For 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-byte INTEGER data:

         INTEGER (KIND=1)
         INTEGER (KIND=2)
         INTEGER (KIND=4)
         INTEGER (KIND=8)

                                 7

 

   -  For 4-, 8-, and 16-byte REAL data:

         REAL (KIND=4)
         REAL (KIND=8)
         REAL (KIND=16)

   -  For single precision, double precision, and quad-precision COM-
      PLEX data:

         COMPLEX (KIND=4)
         COMPLEX (KIND=8)
         COMPLEX (KIND=16)

HP Fortran takes advantage of OpenVMS facilities to include the fol-
lowing features and enhancements in both HP Fortran 95/90 and HP For-
tran 77:

o  Language elements for keyed and sequential access to OpenVMS RMS
   indexed organization files

o  The ability to specify an OpenVMS text library module in an INCLUDE
   statement

o  Support for calls to OpenVMS system service and Run-Time Library
   procedures

o  Generation of symbol tables for the OpenVMS Symbolic Debugger

o  LIB$ESTABLISH and LIB$REVERT are provided as intrinsic functions
   for compatibility with HP Fortran exception handling

o  Support for providing error diagnostics to the DEC Language-Sensitive
   Editor component of DECset for OpenVMS

o  FDML (Fortran Data Manipulation Language) support

HP Fortran 77 contains the following extensions to the FORTRAN 77 stan-
dard:

o  Support for recursive subprograms

o  IMPLICIT NONE statements

o  INCLUDE statement

                                 8

 

o  NAMELIST-directed I/O

o  DO WHILE and ENDDO statements

o  Use of exclamation point (!) for end of line comments

o  Generation of Cross Reference Listings

o  Support for NTT Technical Requirement TR550001, Multivendor Inte-
   gration Architecture (MIA) Version 1.1, Division 2, Part 3-2, Pro-
   gramming Language FORTRAN

o  Support for automatic arrays

o  Support for the SELECT CASE - CASE - CASE DEFAULT - END SELECT state-
   ments

o  Support for the EXIT and CYCLE statements and for construct names
   on DO - END DO statements

o  Reporting of unused and uninitialized variables

o  Support for DATE_AND_TIME intrinsic for obtaining dates using a four-
   digit year format

HP Fortran 77 takes advantage of OpenVMS facilities to include the fol-
lowing features and enhancements:

o  Support for translation of CDD/Repository records into Fortran records

o  Support for the extraction of program design information in com-
   ments using the DEC Source Code Analyzer component of DECset for
   OpenVMS

HP Fortran provides a multiphase optimizer that is capable of perform-
ing optimizations across entire programs. Specific optimizations per-
formed by both HP Fortran 95/90 and Compaq Fortran 77 include:

o  Constant folding

o  Optimizations of arithmetic IF, logical IF, and block IF-THEN-ELSE

o  Global common subexpression elimination

o  Removal of invariant expressions from loops

                                 9

 

o  Global allocation of general registers across program units

o  In-line expansion of statement functions and routines

o  Optimization of array addressing in loops

o  Value propagation

o  Deletion of redundant and unreachable code

o  Loop unrolling

o  Thorough dependence analysis

o  Software pipelining to rearrange instructions between different un-
   rolled loop iterations

o  Optimized interface to intrinsic functions

o  Loop transformation optimizations that apply to array references
   within loops, including:

   -  Loop blocking

   -  Loop distribution

   -  Loop fusion

   -  Loop interchange

   -  Loop scalar replacement

   -  Outer loop unrolling

Specific optimizations performed by HP Fortran 95/90 include:

o  Array temporary elimination

Both HP Fortran 95/90 and HP Fortran 77 are shareable, re-entrant com-
pilers that operate under the OpenVMS operating system. They globally
optimize source programs while taking advantage of the native instruc-
tion set and the OpenVMS virtual memory system.

                                10

 

HP EXTENDED MATH LIBRARY (CXML)

HP Extended Math Library (CXML) is a set of mathematical subprograms
that are optimized for HP architectures. Included subprograms cover
the areas of:

o  Basic Linear Algebra

o  Linear System and Eigenproblem Solvers

o  Sparse Linear System Solvers

o  Sorting

o  Random Number Generation

o  Signal Processing

The Basic Linear Algebra library includes the industry-standard Ba-
sic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3.
Also included are subprograms for BLAS Level 1 Extensions, Sparse BLAS
Level 1, and Array Math Functions (VLIB).

The Linear System and Eigenproblem Solver library provides the com-
plete LAPACK v2 package developed by a consortium of university and
government laboratories. LAPACK is an industry-standard subprogram pack-
age offering an extensive set of linear system and eigenproblem solvers.
LAPACK uses blocked algorithms that are better suited to most modern
architectures, particularly ones with memory hierarchies. LAPACK will
supersede LINPACK and EISPACK for most users.

The Sparse Linear System library provides both direct and iterative
sparse linear system solvers. The direct solver package supports both
symmetric and nonsymmetric sparse matrices stored using the skyline
storage scheme. The iterative solver package contains a basic set of
storage schemes, preconditioners, and iterative solvers. The design
of this package is modular and matrix-free, allowing future expansion
and easy modification by users.


                                11

 

The Signal Processing library provides a basic set of signal process-
ing functions. Included are one-, two-, and three-dimensional Fast Fourier
Transforms (FFT), group FFTs, Cosine/Sine Transforms (FCT/FST), Con-
volution, Correlation, and Digital Filters.

Many CXML subprograms are optimized for the supported hardware plat-
forms. Optimization techniques include traditional optimizations such
as loop unrolling and loop reordering. CXML subprograms also provide
efficient management of the hierarchical memory system, using tech-
niques such as the following:

o  Reuse of data within registers to minimize memory accesses

o  Efficient cache management

o  Use of blocked algorithms that minimize translation buffer misses
   and unnecessary paging

Since CXML routines can be called from all languages that support the
OpenVMS calling standard, the library provides optimized computation
for applications written in these languages. Where appropriate, most
subprograms are available in both real and complex versions, as well
as in both single and double precision. CXML for OpenVMS Alpha sup-
ports both IEEE and VAX floating-point formats.

Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms

Linear algebra operations are fundamental to many mathematical appli-
cations, and several libraries of linear algebra subprograms exist through-
out the computer industry. The CXML BLAS library contains the most com-
monly used linear algebra subprograms.

The CXML linear algebra library contains five groups of subprograms
at three levels:

o  Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) Level 1

o  BLAS Level 1 Extensions

o  BLAS Level 1 Sparse Extensions

o  BLAS Level 2

                                12

 

o  BLAS Level 3

BLAS Level 1 (Scalar/Vector and Vector/Vector Operations)

BLAS Level 1 provides a set of elementary vector functions, operat-
ing on one or two vectors. These are typically very small routines,
and they make less efficient use of the computing resources of mod-
ern computer architectures than the Level 2 and 3 operations.

CXML provides the 15 standard BLAS Level 1 operations:

o  The index of the element of a vector having maximum absolute value

o  The sum of the absolute values of the elements of a vector

o  Inner product of two real vectors

o  Scalar plus the extended precision inner product of two real vec-
   tors

o  Conjugated inner product of two complex vectors

o  Unconjugated inner product of two complex vectors

o  Square root of the sum of squares (norm) of the elements of a vec-
   tor

o  Scalar times a vector plus a vector

o  Copy one vector to another

o  Apply a Givens rotation

o  Apply a modified Givens plane rotation

o  Generate elements for a Givens plane rotation

o  Generate elements for a modified Givens plane rotation

o  Product of a vector times a scalar

o  Swap the elements of two vectors

                                13

 

BLAS Level 1 Extensions (Vector/Vector Operations)

When developing mathematical algorithms using the BLAS Level 1, sci-
entists and engineers found that several additional constructs were
used on a regular basis. These constructs are well known throughout
the computer industry as BLAS Level 1 Extensions.

CXML contains 13 BLAS Level 1 Extension operations:

o  Index of element having the minimum absolute value

o  Index of element having the maximum value

o  Index of element having the minimum value

o  Largest value of the elements of a vector

o  Smallest value of the elements of a vector

o  Largest absolute value of the elements of a vector

o  Smallest absolute value of the elements of a vector

o  Sum of the values of the elements of a vector

o  Set all elements of a vector equal to a scalar

o  Constant times a vector set to another
   vector (y = a x)

o  Euclidean norm with no intermediate scaling

o  Sum of the squares of the elements of a vector

o  Constant times a vector plus a vector set to another vector (z =
   a x + y)

BLAS Level 1 Sparse Extensions (Vector/Vector Operations)

This group of operations is similar to the BLAS Level 1 routines, but
is designed to work on sparse vectors (vectors in which most of the
elements are zero). Six of the routines are from industry standard Sparse
BLAS 1, and the remaining three are enhancements.

                                14

 

The nine sparse BLAS Level 1 operations are:

o  Scalar times a sparse vector plus a vector

o  Sum of a sparse vector and a full vector

o  Inner product of a sparse vector and a full vector

o  Gather a sparse vector from a full vector

o  Gather a sparse vector from the scaled elements of a full vector

o  Gather a sparse vector from a full vector and zero corresponding
   elements of full vector

o  Apply Givens rotation to a sparse vector and a full vector

o  Scatter a sparse vector into a full vector

o  Scale and scatter a sparse vector into a full vector

BLAS Level 2 (Matrix/Vector Operations)

The BLAS Level 2 codes make more effective use of the data in the reg-
isters, reducing the number of register loads and stores required. In
addition, loop unrolling techniques are used to minimize cache misses
and page faults. The BLAS Level 2 subprograms use the following types
of operations:

o  Matrix/vector products

o  Rank-1 and rank-2 matrix updates

o  Solutions of triangular systems of equations

Six types of matrices are supported by these BLAS Level 2 routines:

o  General

o  General band

o  Symmetric/Hermitian

o  Symmetric/Hermitian band

o  Triangular

                                15

 

o  Triangular band

BLAS Level 3 (Matrix/Matrix Operations)

The BLAS Level 3 routines operate at a level that makes the most ef-
ficient use of machine resources. CXML optimizes these routines by par-
titioning matrices into blocks and computing matrix/matrix operations
on each block. This approach avoids excessive memory accesses by pro-
viding full reuse of data while each block is in the cache or the reg-
isters. BLAS Level 3 routines provide this kind of blocking for three
basic types of operations:

o  Matrix/matrix products

o  Rank-k and rank-2k updates of a symmetric matrix

o  Solving triangular systems of equations with multiple right-hand
   sides

Three types of matrices are supported by these BLAS Level 3 routines:

o  General

o  Symmetric/Hermitian

o  Triangular

A set of additional matrix-matrix routines is provided:

o  Add two matrices

o  Subtract one matrix from another

o  Transpose a matrix, in-place or out-of-place

Array Math Functions

The Array Math Functions provide a set of basic math functions that
operate on arrays of numbers rather than on scalars. On vector and su-
perscalar architectures, such functions have a performance advantage
over a loop of scalar operations. The library includes the following
array functions for double precision numbers:

                                16

 

o  Sine of array

o  Cosine of array

o  Cosine and sine of array

o  Exponent of array

o  Logarithm of array

o  Square root of array

o  Reciprocal of array

LAPACK Library Contents

LAPACK is a library of linear algebra subprograms intended to solve
a wide range of problems in linear algebra. LAPACK can be used to solve
dense systems of linear equations, linear least squares problems, eigen-
value problems, and singular value problems. It is also useful in do-
ing other computations such as matrix factorizations and estimations
of condition numbers.

The CXML LAPACK library provides the complete LAPACK v2 package. CXMLs
version of LAPACK is provided as a packaged library, compiled, tested,
and ready to use. Combined with the optimized BLAS Level 3 routines,
the CXML LAPACK will provide optimal performance on all supported plat-
forms. LAPACK should be used in place of LINPACK and EISPACK, because
it is more efficient, accurate, and robust.

LAPACK supports both real and complex, single and double precision data.
It operates on the following types of matrices:

o  Bidiagonal

o  General band

o  General unsymmetric

o  General tridiagonal

o  Hermitian

o  Hermitian, packed storage

                                17

 

o  Upper Hessenberg, generalized problem

o  Upper Hessenberg

o  Orthogonal

o  Orthogonal, packed storage

o  Symmetric/Hermitian positive definite band

o  Symmetric/Hermitian positive definite

o  Symmetric/Hermitian positive definite, packed storage

o  Symmetric/Hermitian positive definite tridiagonal

o  Symmetric band

o  Symmetric, packed storage

o  Symmetric tridiagonal

o  Symmetric

o  Triangular band

o  Triangular, generalized problem

o  Triangular, packed storage

o  Triangular

o  Trapezoidal

o  Unitary

o  Unitary, packed storage

LAPACK provides the following operations:

o  Triangular factorization

o  Unblocked triangular factorization

o  Solve a system of linear equations (based on triangular factoriza-
   tion)

o  Compute the inverse (based on triangular factorization)

                                18

 

o  Compute a split Cholesky factorization of a symmetric/Hermitian pos-
   itive definite band matrix

o  Unblocked computation of inverse

o  Estimate condition number

o  Refine initial solution returned by solver

o  Perform QR factorization without pivoting

o  Unblocked QR factorization

o  Solve linear least squares problem (based on QR factorization)

o  Solve the linear equality constrained least squares (LSE) problem

o  Solve the Gauss-Markov linear model problem

o  Perform LQ factorization without pivoting

o  Unblocked LQ factorization

o  Solve underdetermined linear system (based on LQ factorization)

o  Generate a real orthogonal or complex unitary matrix as a product
   of Householder matrices

o  Unblocked generation of real orthogonal or unitary matrix

o  Multiply a matrix by a real orthogonal or complex unitary matrix
   by applying a product of Householder matrices

o  Unblocked version of multiplication of a matrix by a real orthog-
   onal or complex unitary matrix by applying a product of Householder
   matrices

o  Reduce a square matrix to upper Hessenberg form

o  Unblocked version of square matrix reduction

o  Reduce a symmetric matrix to real symmetric tridiagonal form

o  Reduce a band matrix to bidiagonal form

o  Unblocked version of symmetric matrix reduction

o  Reduce a rectangular matrix to bidiagonal form

                                19

 

o  Reduce a band symmetric/Hermitian matrix to tridiagonal form

o  Reduce a symmetric/Hermitian-definite banded generalized eigenprob-
   lem to standard form

o  Compute various norms of a complex Hermitian tridiagonal matrix

o  Compute eigenvalues and optional Schur factorization or eigenvec-
   tors using QR algorithm

o  Compute selected eigenvectors by inverse iteration

o  Compute eigenvectors from Schur factorization

o  Compute eigenvectors using the Pal-Walker-Kahan variant of the QL
   or QR algorithm

o  For a pair of N-by-N real nonsymmetric matrices, compute the gen-
   eralized eigenvalues, the real Schur form, and the left and/or right
   Schur vectors

o  For a pair of N-by-N real nonsymmetric matrices, compute the gen-
   eralized eigenvalues, and the left and/or right generalized eigen-
   vectors

o  Solve the generalized nonsymmetric eigenproblem Ax = lambda Bx

o  Solve the generalized definite banded eigenproblem Ax = lambda Bx

o  Solve the generalized symmetric/Hermitian-definite banded eigen-
   problem

o  Solve the symmetric eigenproblem using divide-and-conquer algorithm

o  Compute singular values and, optionally, singular vectors using the
   QR algorithm

o  Compute the generalized (quotient) singular value decomposition

o  Compute the generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) on the
   M-by-N matrix A and P-by-N matrix B

o  Solve a generalized linear regression model problem

                                20

 

Sparse System Solver Subprograms

The CXML Sparse System Solver library contains a set of subprograms
that can be used to solve sparse linear systems of equations. Two pack-
ages providing direct and iterative methods are supported.

Direct Method Sparse Solver Package:

The direct solver package includes skyline (profile) solvers for sym-
metric and nonsymmetric matrices. Separate factorization and solver
routines are provided to allow repeated use of the solver for multi-
ple right hand sides, without repeating the factorization. To make the
subprograms easier to use, both simple and expert driver routines are
provided. Functions provided include:

o  LDU factorization

o  Solve

o  Norm evaluation

o  Condition number estimation

o  Iterative refinement

o  Simple and expert drivers

These storage schemes are supported for symmetric and nonsymmetric ma-
trices:

o  Profile-in storage

o  Structurally symmetric, profile-in storage (for nonsymmetric only)

o  Diagonal-out storage

Iterative Method Sparse Solver Package:

For the iterative method, the library provides a modular set of stor-
age schemes, preconditioners, and solvers. These solvers and precon-
ditioners are easily accessed through an integrated driver routine.

                                21

 

Six iterative sparse solvers for real, double precision data are sup-
plied:

o  Preconditioned conjugate gradient method

o  Preconditioned least squares conjugate gradient method

o  Preconditioned biconjugate method

o  Preconditioned conjugate gradient squared method

o  Preconditioned generalized minimum residual method

o  Preconditioned transpose free QMR method

Routines for three storage schemes are provided, or the user can de-
velop routines to employ a custom storage scheme. The supplied stor-
age schemes include:

o  Symmetric diagonal

o  Unsymmetric diagonal

o  General storage by rows

Three preconditioners are supplied, which can be selectively applied
to the data. Users can also supply custom preconditioners. The pre-
conditioners supplied include:

o  Diagonal

o  Polynomial (Neumann)

o  Incomplete LU with zero diagonals added

Sorting Subprograms

Two sort subprograms using the Quicksort algorithm and two general pur-
pose radix sort subprograms are provided, as follows:

o  Sort elements of a vector using the Quicksort algorithm

o  Sort an indexed vector of data using the Quicksort algorithm

o  Sort data using a radix sort algorithm

                                22

 

o  Sort an indexed vector of data using a radix sort algorithm

All of the above sorts operate on data stored in memory.

Random Number Subprograms

CXML provides four random number generator subprograms:

o  Produce a vector of uniform [0,1], long-period random numbers us-
   ing the LEcuyer multiplicative method. Two auxiliary input rou-
   tines are provided to allow this subprogram to be called from within
   a parallel section of a program.

o  Produce a vector of N(0,1), normally-distributed random numbers.
   Two auxiliary input routines are provided to allow this subprogram
   to be called from within a parallel section of a program.

o  Produce single precision random numbers using a linear multiplica-
   tive algorithm

o  Produce single precision random numbers using a Lehmer multiplica-
   tive generator

Signal Processing Subprograms

The CXML Signal Processing library contains a set of subprograms in
four basic areas of signal processing:

o  Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT)

o  Fast Cosine and Fast Sine Transforms (FCT and FST)

o  Convolution and correlation

o  Digital filters





                                23

 

Fast Fourier Transforms and Cosine and Sine Transforms

CXML provides one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and
group FFT routines and one-dimensional FCT/FST routines. Each routine
is supplied in two forms:

o  The first form computes the transform in one unit operation. This
   is convenient for programs requiring speed on only one or a few op-
   erations.

o  The second form is provided for programs requiring speed on repeated
   operations. With this form, each routine is subdivided into three
   routines. One routine builds the rotation factors, a second rou-
   tine applies them to perform the transform, and a third routine deal-
   locates any virtual memory allocated in the first routine. Thus,
   for repeated operations, the rotation factors need to be built only
   once.

Convolution and Correlation

CXML provides routines for computing one-dimensional discrete convo-
lutions and correlations. These routines can process both periodic and
nonperiodic data.

Digital Filters

CXML provides support for one-dimensional, nonrecursive digital fil-
tering. Based on the Kaisers Sinh-Bessel algorithm, these routines al-
low programming of bandpass, bandstop, low-pass, and high-pass fil-
ters.

Cray SciLib Portability Support

SCIPORT is an HP implementation of v7 of the Cray Research scientific
numerical library, SciLib. SCIPORT provides 64 bit single-precision
and 64-bit integer interfaces to underlying CXML routines for Cray users




                                24

 

porting programs to Alpha systems running OpenVMS. SCIPORT also pro-
vides equivalent versions of almost all Cray Math Library and CF77 (Cray
Fortran 77) Math intrinsic routines.

In order to be completely source code compatible with SciLib, the SCI-
PORT library calling sequence supports 64-bit integers passed by ref-
erence. However, internally, SCIPORT uses 32 bit integers. Consequently,
some run-time uses of SciLib are not supported by SCIPORT.

SCIPORT provides the following:

o  64-bit versions of all Cray SciLib single-precision BLAS Level 1,
   Level 2, and Level 3 routines

o  All Cray SciLib LAPACK routines

o  All Cray SciLib Special Linear System Solver routines

o  All Cray SciLib Signal Processing routines

o  All Cray SciLib Sorting and Searching routines

These routines are completely interchangeable with their Cray SciLib
counterparts up to the runtime limit on integer size, and with the ex-
ception of the ORDERS routine, require no program changes to function
correctly. Owing to endian differences of machine architecture, spe-
cial considerations must be given when the ORDERS routine is used to
sort multibyte character strings.

RUN-TIME LIBRARY REDISTRIBUTION

The HP Fortran kit may include updated Run-Time Library shareable images. 
HP grants the user a nonexclusive royalty-free worldwide right to reproduce 
and distribute the executable version of the Run-Time Library (the RTLs
), provided that the user does all of the following:

o  Distributes the RTLs only in conjunction with and as a part of the
   users software application product that is designed to operate in
   the OpenVMS environment.

o  Does not use the name, logo, or trademarks of HP to market the users
   software application product.

                                25

 

o  Includes the copyright notice of HP Fortran on the users product
   disk label and/or on the title page of the documentation for soft-
   ware application product.

o  Agrees to indemnify, hold harmless, and defend HP from and against
   any claims or lawsuits, including attorneys fees, that arise or
   result from the use or distribution of the software application prod-
   uct.

Except as expressly provided herein, HP grants no implied or express
license under any of its patents, copyrights, trade secrets, trade-
marks, or any license or other proprietary interests and rights.

The RTL image is designated as DEC$FORRTL.EXE. HP Fortran may include
a separate installation kit for the purpose of installing the HP For-
tran Run-Time Library. This kit, installable with the POLYCENTER[R]
Software Installation Utility (a component of OpenVMS), must be used
to install the RTL image on other systems.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Processors Supported:

Any Alpha system that is capable of running OpenVMS Alpha Version 7.1
or later.

		Table 1

Disk Space Requirements (Block Cluster Size=1)

TASK		SIZE

Compiler In-    50,000 blocks (25.0 MB)
stallation:

Compiler        40,200 blocks (20.1 MB)
Permanent:

CXML Instal-    150,000 blocks (75.0 MB)
lation:

CXML Permanent: 150,000 blocks (75.0 MB)

                                26

 
These counts refer to the disk space required on the system disk. The
sizes are approximate; actual sizes may vary depending on the users
system environment, configuration, and software options.

CLUSTER ENVIRONMENT

This layered product is fully supported when installed on any valid
and licensed VMScluster* configuration without restrictions. The HARD-
WARE REQUIREMENTS sections of this products Software Product Descrip-
tion and System Support Addendum detail any special hardware required
by this product.

*  VMScluster configurations are fully described in the VMScluster Soft-
   ware Product Description (SPD 42.18.xx) and include CI, Ethernet,
   DSSI, FDDI, SCSI and Mixed Interconnect configurations.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

For All Systems Using Terminals DECwindows Interface:

o  OpenVMS Alpha Operating System V7.1-V7.3-2

For All Workstations Running DECwindows:

o  OpenVMS Alpha Operating System V7.1-V7.3-2

OpenVMS Optional Components

The OpenVMS Alpha operating system can be configured to include or omit
certain components. HP Fortran requires the following components to
be included:

o  Programming Support

                                27

 

o  Utilities

The default for OpenVMS Alpha installation is to include all compo-
nents.

SOFTWARE LICENSING INFORMATION

This software is furnished only under license. For more information
about licensing terms and policies of HP, contact your local HP office.

LICENSE MANAGEMENT FACILITY SUPPORT

HP Fortran supports the License Management Facility of HP.

License units for HP Fortran are allocated on an Unlimited System Use
plus Concurrent Use basis.

Each Concurrent Use license allows any one individual at a time to use
the layered product.

OPTIONAL SOFTWARE

o  DECset V11.1-V12.4A for OpenVMS Alpha

o  CDD/Repository V5.3 for OpenVMS Alpha

GROWTH CONSIDERATIONS

The minimum hardware/software requirements for any future version of
this product may be different from the requirements for the current
version.








                                28

 

DISTRIBUTION MEDIA

This product is available on the HP CD-ROM Software Library for OpenVMS
Alpha (QA-03XAA-H8). Documentation in printed format can be ordered separately
(see the HP Fortran read first cover letter or the online release 
notes).

SOFTWARE WARRANTY

This software is provided by HP with a 90 day conformance warranty in
accordance with the HP warranty terms applicable to the license purchase.

The above information is valid at time of release. Please contact your
local HP office for the most up-to-date information.

ORDERING INFORMATION

Software Licenses:

   Unlimited System Use: QL-MV1A*-AA
   Concurrent Use: QL-100AA-3B
   Concurrent 5 Pack: QL-100AA-3C
   Concurrent 10 Pack: QL-100AA-3D

Software Documentation:

   HP Fortran 95/90 Documentation: QA-MV1AA-GZ
   HP Fortran 77 Documentation: QA-MV1AB-GZ

Software Product Services: QT-MV1*-**

*  Denotes variant fields. For additional information on available li-
   censes, services, and media, refer to the appropriate price book.

The above information is valid at time of release. Please contact your
local HP office for the most up-to-date information.



                                29

 

SOFTWARE PRODUCT SERVICES

A variety of service options are available from HP. For more infor-
mation, contact your local HP office. The above information is valid
at time of release. Please contact your local HP office for the most
up-to-date information.

TRADEMARK INFORMATION

Copyright 2003 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

Confidential computer software. Valid license from HP and/or its sub-
sidiaries required for possession, use, or copying. Consistent with
FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial Computer Software, Computer Soft-
ware Documentation, and Technical Data for Commercial license.

Neither HP nor any of its subsidiaries shall be liable for technical
or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. The information in
this document is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind and is
subject to change without notice. The warranties for HP products are
set forth in the express limited warranty statements accompanying such
products. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an ad-
ditional warranty.

















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