CONTENTS Title Page Copyright Page Preface 1 Scope 2 Definitions and General Requirements 2.2 Conformance 2.9 Numerical Limits 2.9.3 Run-Time Increasable Values 2.10 Symbolic Constants 2.10.3 Compile-Time Symbolic Constants for Portability Specifications 2.10.4 Execution-Time Symbolic Constants for Portability Specifications 3 Process Primitives 3.1 Process Creation and Execution 3.1.2 Execute a File 3.1.2.2 Description 3.2 Process Termination 3.2.1 Wait for Process Termination 3.2.1.2 Description 3.2.2 Terminate a Process 3.2.2.2 Description 3.3 Signals 3.3.1 Signal Concepts 3.3.1.1 Signal Names 3.3.1.2 Signal Generation and Delivery 3.3.2 Send a Signal to a Process 3.3.2.2 Description 4 Process Environment 4.4 System Identification 4.4.1 System Name 4.4.1.2 Description 5 Files and Directories 5.1 Directories 5.1.2 Directory Operations 5.1.2.2 Description 5.1.2.4 Errors 5.2 Working Directory 5.2.1 Change Current Working Directory 5.2.1.4 Errors 5.2.2 Working Directory Pathname 5.2.2.3 Returns 5.3 General File Creation 5.3.1 Open a File 5.3.1.2 Description 5.3.1.4 Errors 5.3.2 Create a New File or Rewrite an Existing One 5.3.3 Set File Creation Mask 5.3.3.2 Description 5.3.4 Link to a File 5.3.4.2 Description 5.3.4.4 Errors 5.4 Special File Creation 5.4.1 Make a Directory 5.4.1.2 Description 5.4.1.4 Errors 5.4.2 Make a FIFO Special File 5.4.2.2 Description 5.4.2.4 Errors 5.5 File Removal 5.5.1 Remove Directory Entries 5.5.1.2 Description 5.5.1.4 Errors 5.5.2 Remove a Directory 5.5.2.2 Description 5.5.2.4 Errors 5.5.3 Rename a File 5.5.3.2 Description 5.5.3.4 Errors 5.6 File Characteristics 5.6.2 Get File Status 5.6.2.2 Description 5.6.2.4 Errors 5.6.3 File Accessibility 5.6.3.4 Errors 5.6.4 Change File Modes 5.6.4.2 Description 5.6.4.4 Errors 5.6.5 Change Owner and Group of a File 5.6.5.2 Description 5.6.5.4 Errors 5.7 Configurable Pathname Variables 5.7.1 Get Configurable Pathname Variables 5.7.1.4 Errors 6 Input and Output Primitives 6.1 Pipes 6.3 File Descriptor Deassignment 6.3.1 Close a File 6.3.1.2 Description 6.4 Input and Output 6.4.1 Read from a File 6.4.1.2 Description 6.4.1.4 Errors 6.4.2 Write to a File 6.4.2.2 Description 6.4.2.4 Errors 6.5 Control Operations on Files 6.5.2 File Control 6.5.2.2 Description 6.5.3 Reposition Read/Write File Offset 6.5.3.2 Description 6.5.3.4 Errors 7 Device- and Class-Specific Functions 7.1 General Terminal Interface 7.1.1 Interface Characteristics 7.1.1.3 The Controlling Terminal 7.1.1.5 Input Processing and Reading Data 7.1.1.6 Canonical Mode Input Processing 7.1.1.7 Non-Canonical Mode Input Processing 7.1.1.8 Writing Data and Output Processing 7.1.1.9 Special Characters 7.1.2 Settable Parameters 7.1.2.2 Input Modes 7.1.2.3 Output Modes 7.1.2.4 Control Modes 7.1.2.5 Local Modes 7.1.2.6 Special Control Characters 7.1.2.7 Baud Rate Functions 7.1.2.7.4 Errors 7.2 General Terminal Interface Control Functions 7.2.2 Line Control Functions