CONTENTS Title Page Copyright Page Preface 1 Introduction to Digital Image Processing 1.1 What Is a Digital Image? 1.2 Creating Digital Images 1.3 Data Formats 1.3.1 Revisable Form Image Data 1.3.1.1 Raw Image Data 1.3.1.2 Formatted Image Data 1.3.2 Final Form Image Data 1.3.2.1 Sixel 1.3.2.2 PostScript 1.3.2.3 XImage 1.4 Data Classes 1.4.1 Bitonal Images 1.4.2 Gray Scale Images 1.4.3 Multispectral Images 1.5 Data Organizations 1.5.1 Band Interleaved by Pixel 1.5.2 Band Interleaved by Plane 1.5.3 Bit Interleaved By Plane 1.5.4 Band Interleaved By Line 1.6 Data Attributes 1.6.1 Types of Attributes 1.6.2 Standard Format of Attributes 1.6.3 Reading and Writing Attributes 1.7 Data Compression 1.8 Image Processing Operations 1.9 Image Rendition 1.10 Image Storage 1.11 Applications for Image Processing 2 DECimage Application Services for VMS Components 2.1 What Is DECimage Application Services for VMS? 2.1.1 Image Input Services (IIS) 2.1.2 Image Services Library (ISL) 2.1.3 Image Display Services (IDS) 2.1.4 X Image Extension (XIE) 2.1.5 Condition Handling Facility (CHF) 2.1.6 DCL IMAGE 2.1.7 Relationship of DECimage Application Services for VMS Components 3 Writing an Application Using the DECimage Application Services for VMS Components 4 Compiling and Linking Your Program 4.1 Compiling Your Program 4.2 Linking Your Program 5 Example Programs 5.1 Image Input Services (IIS) Example Programs 5.2 Image Services Library (ISL) Example Programs 5.3 Image Display Services (IDS) Example Programs 5.4 X Image Extension (XIE) Example Programs 6 Performance Considerations 6.1 Image Input Services (IIS) Performance Considerations 6.2 Image Services Library (ISL) Performance Considerations 6.3 Image Display Services (IDS) Performance Considerations 6.4 X Image Extension (XIE) Performance Considerations A DCL IMAGE A.1 Overview of the DCL IMAGE Commands A.1.1 Using the DCL IMAGE Commands A.1.2 Capturing an Image: IMAGE SCAN A.1.3 Converting a Foreign Form Image File: IMAGE CONVERT A.1.4 Manipulating a Scanned Image: IMAGE ADJUST A.1.5 Preparing an Image for Displaying or Printing: IMAGE RENDER A.1.6 Displaying an Image: IMAGE VIEW A.1.7 Getting Help with DCL IMAGE Commands A.2 The IMAGE Commands and Qualifiers IMAGE ADJUST IMAGE CONVERT IMAGE RENDER IMAGE SCAN IMAGE VIEW A.3 Error Messages B Image Enhancement Examples C Bibliography D List of Acronyms Glossary acquisition . . . charge coupled device CCITT (Comite Consultatif Internationale Telegraphique et Telephonique) . . . component space organization compound document . . . data plane DCL IMAGE . . . dots per inch (dpi) dpi . . . GUIs halftone . . . image data class Image Display Services (IDS) . . . ISL item code . . . object one-dimensional compression . . . presentation level protocol (PLP) presentation surface . . . revisable form image RGB . . . scanner server . . . XImage X Image Extension (XIE) . . . X User Interface (XUI) EXAMPLES 4-1 Sample Options File FIGURES 1-1 An Array of Pixels 1-2 Sampling Process 1-3 Organization of DDIF Data 1-4 Band Interleaved by Pixel Structure 1-5 Band Interleaved by Plane Structure 1-6 Bit Interleaved By Plane Structure 1-7 Band Interleaved By Line Structure 1-8 Item List Structure for Reading or Writing Attributes 2-1 Relationship of DECimage Application Services for VMS Components A-1 DCL IMAGE Commands A-2 Scanning a Document TABLES 4-1 Portable C Binding Include Files 4-2 Language-Specific Include Files for VMS Bindings 4-3 Supported Languages and Their File Types 4-4 Component Images 4-5 Linking Components and Application Modules 6-1 Data and Entry Point Combinations A-1 DCL IMAGE Commands A-2 Headings in the Command Template A-3 Values for sx and sy A-4 Display Devices and PLPs A-5 IMAGE SCAN /BRIGHTNESS Options A-6 IMAGE SCAN /CONTRAST Options A-7 IMAGE SCAN /RESOLUTION Options