CONTENTS

  Title Page

  Copyright Page

  Preface

  1      Introduction to Programming in VAX DBMS

  1.1     Creating the Sample PARTS Database

  1.2     Getting the Information Necessary to Write a Program

  1.3     Selecting a Usage Mode
    1.3.1      The Volume of Data the Program Will Use
    1.3.2      The Need for Fast Performance
    1.3.3      Your Ability to Share Data

  1.4     Understanding the Subschema
    1.4.1      Subschema Diagram
    1.4.2      Subschema Listing
    1.4.3      Written Subschema Explanation

  2      Using the Database Query Utility

  2.1     Beginning and Ending a DBQ Session

  2.2     Getting Help in DBQ

  2.3     Binding to a Database in DBQ

  2.4     Displaying Information About the Database

  2.5     Beginning a Transaction

  2.6     Ending a Transaction

  2.7     Ending Database Access Between or After Transactions

  2.8     Locating and Retrieving Records
    2.8.1      Using Data Item Values to Retrieve Records
      2.8.1.1      Finding an Exact Match
      2.8.1.2      Finding Values Based on Boolean Expressions
    2.8.2      Using a Record and Its Relationships
    2.8.3      Using Data Item Values and Set Relationships
      2.8.3.1      Retrieving Records from Sequential or CHAIN Sets
      2.8.3.2      Retrieving Records in Hashed or CALC Sets
      2.8.3.3      Retrieving Records in INDEX Sets
    2.8.4      Using Loops to Walk Through Sets
    2.8.5      Summary of Retrieval in Sets

  2.9     Moving Through a Database
    2.9.1      The Current Record
    2.9.2      Null or Position Currency
    2.9.3      Maintaining Currency
    2.9.4      Rules for Using Currency Indicators
    2.9.5      The Currency Display Legend
    2.9.6      Manipulating Currency Indicators in Database Access

  2.10    Modifying Existing Records

  2.11    Adding Records to a Database and to Sets
    2.11.1     MANUAL Insertion
    2.11.2     AUTOMATIC Insertion
    2.11.3     Set Order

  2.12    Removing Records from a Database or from Sets
    2.12.1     Erasing Records
    2.12.2     Moving Records to Other Set Occurrences
    2.12.3     Disconnecting Records from Sets

  2.13    Summary of Membership Characteristics

  2.14    Editing Within the DBQ Utility

  3      Embedding DML Statements

  3.1     Using DML Statements

  3.2     Using Callable DBQ Routines
    3.2.1      Creating a User Work Area
    3.2.2      Calling a DBQ Routine

  3.3     Compiling, Linking, and Running Programs
    3.3.1      Compiling DML Programs
      3.3.1.1      Specifying the Host Language
      3.3.1.2      Specifying the DML Prefix Character
      3.3.1.3      Specifying Whether or Not Intermediate Files Are Compiled
      3.3.1.4      Specifying Whether or Not Comments Are Included in Intermediate Files
      3.3.1.5      Specifying Whether or Not Intermediate Files Are Deleted
      3.3.1.6      Specifying the Options for Intermediate Files
      3.3.1.7      Specifying the Directory for the Object File
      3.3.1.8      Specifying Whether or Not Error Trapping Is Enabled
      3.3.1.9      Defining Symbols for DML Commands
      3.3.1.10     DML Precompiler Error Messages
    3.3.2      Compiling Callable DBQ Programs
      3.3.2.1      VAX Ada
      3.3.2.2      VAX BASIC
      3.3.2.3      VAX BLISS
      3.3.2.4      VAX C
      3.3.2.5      VAX COBOL
      3.3.2.6      VAX DIBOL
      3.3.2.7      VAX FORTRAN
      3.3.2.8      VAX MACRO
      3.3.2.9      VAX Pascal
      3.3.2.10     VAX PL/I

  3.4     Linking and Running Programs

  3.5     Using the Sample Application Programs
    3.5.1      VAX Ada
    3.5.2      VAX BASIC
    3.5.3      VAX BLISS
    3.5.4      VAX C
    3.5.5      VAX COBOL
    3.5.6      VAX DIBOL
    3.5.7      VAX FORTRAN
    3.5.8      VAX MACRO
    3.5.9      VAX Pascal
    3.5.10     VAX PL/I

  4      Programming Topics

  4.1     Invoking a Database

  4.2     Finding and Fetching Records
    4.2.1      Creating a Bill of Materials
    4.2.2      Fetching Records Within a MANUAL OPTIONAL Set
    4.2.3      Fetching Records Within a Forked Set

  4.3     Storing New Records
    4.3.1      Inserting Stored Records into SYSTEM-Owned Sets
    4.3.2      Inserting Stored Records into Forked Sets

  4.4     Modifying Records

  4.5     Erasing Records

  4.6     Condition Tests

  4.7     Using String Concatenation Instead of Passing Variables

  4.8     Error Handling
    4.8.1      Testing the Program Logic
    4.8.2      Trapping Errors
      4.8.2.1      Trapping Errors Globally
      4.8.2.2      Trapping Errors Line by Line
    4.8.3      Handling Errors

  4.9     Supported Data Types

  5      Writing VAX Ada Programs with VAX DBMS

  5.1     Invoking a Database

  5.2     Finding and Fetching Records
    5.2.1      Creating a Bill of Materials
    5.2.2      Fetching a Record Within a MANUAL OPTIONAL Set
    5.2.3      Fetching a Record Within a Forked Set

  5.3     Storing New Records
    5.3.1      Inserting Stored Records into SYSTEM-Owned Sets
    5.3.2      Inserting Stored Records into Forked Sets

  5.4     Modifying Records

  5.5     Erasing Records

  5.6     Using String Concatenation Instead of Passing Variables

  5.7     Handling Errors

  5.8     Condition Tests

  5.9     Supported Data Types

  6      Writing VAX BASIC Programs with VAX DBMS

  6.1     Invoking a Database

  6.2     Finding and Fetching Records
    6.2.1      Creating a Bill of Materials
    6.2.2      Fetching a Record Within a MANUAL OPTIONAL Set
    6.2.3      Fetching a Record Within a Forked Set

  6.3     Storing New Records
    6.3.1      Inserting Stored Records into SYSTEM-Owned Sets
    6.3.2      Inserting Stored Records into Forked Sets

  6.4     Modifying Records

  6.5     Erasing Records

  6.6     Using String Concatenation Instead of Passing Variables

  6.7     Handling Errors

  6.8     Condition Tests

  6.9     Supported Data Types

  7      Writing Programs in VAX BLISS

  7.1     Invoking a Database

  7.2     Finding and Fetching Records
    7.2.1      Creating a Bill of Materials
    7.2.2      Fetching a Record Within a MANUAL OPTIONAL Set
    7.2.3      Fetching a Record Within a Forked Set

  7.3     Storing New Records
    7.3.1      Inserting Stored Records into SYSTEM-Owned Sets
    7.3.2      Inserting Stored Records into Forked Sets

  7.4     Modifying Records

  7.5     Erasing Records

  7.6     Using String Concatenation Instead of Passing Variables

  7.7     Handling Errors

  7.8     Condition Tests

  7.9     Supported Data Types

  8      Writing VAX C Programs with DBMS

  8.1     Invoking a Database

  8.2     Finding and Fetching Records
    8.2.1      Creating a Bill of Materials
    8.2.2      Fetching a Record Within a MANUAL OPTIONAL Set
    8.2.3      Fetching a Record Within a Forked Set

  8.3     Storing New Records
    8.3.1      Inserting Stored Records into SYSTEM-Owned Sets
    8.3.2      Inserting Stored Records into Forked Sets

  8.4     Modifying Records

  8.5     Erasing Records

  8.6     Using String Concatenation Instead of Passing Variables

  8.7     Handling Errors

  8.8     Condition Tests

  8.9     Supported Data Types

  9      Writing VAX COBOL Programs with DBMS

  9.1     Invoking a Database

  9.2     Finding and Fetching Records
    9.2.1      Creating a Bill of Materials
    9.2.2      Fetching a Record Within a MANUAL OPTIONAL Set
    9.2.3      Fetching a Record Within a Forked Set

  9.3     Storing New Records
    9.3.1      Inserting Stored Records into SYSTEM-Owned Sets
    9.3.2      Inserting Stored Records into Forked Sets

  9.4     Modifying Records

  9.5     Erasing Records

  9.6     Using String Concatenation Instead of Passing Variables

  9.7     Handling Errors

  9.8     Condition Tests

  9.9     Supported Data Types

  10     Writing VAX DIBOL Programs with DBMS

  10.1    Invoking a Database

  10.2    Finding and Fetching Records
    10.2.1     Creating a Bill of Materials
    10.2.2     Fetching a Record Within a MANUAL OPTIONAL Set
    10.2.3     Fetching a Record Within a Forked Set

  10.3    Storing New Records
    10.3.1     Inserting Stored Records into SYSTEM-Owned Sets
    10.3.2     Inserting Stored Records into Forked Sets

  10.4    Modifying Records

  10.5    Erasing Records

  10.6    Using String Concatenation Instead of Passing Variables

  10.7    Handling Errors

  10.8    Condition Tests

  10.9    Supported Data Types

  11     Writing VAX FORTRAN Programs with DBMS

  11.1    Invoking a Database

  11.2    Finding and Fetching Records
    11.2.1     Creating a Bill of Materials
    11.2.2     Fetching a Record Within a MANUAL OPTIONAL Set
    11.2.3     Fetching a Record Within a Forked Set

  11.3    Storing New Records
    11.3.1     Inserting Stored Records into SYSTEM-Owned Sets
    11.3.2     Inserting Stored Records into Forked Sets

  11.4    Modifying Records

  11.5    Erasing Records

  11.6    Using String Concatenation Instead of Passing Variables

  11.7    Handling Errors

  11.8    Condition Tests

  11.9    Supported Data Types

  12     Writing VAX MACRO Programs with DBMS

  12.1    Invoking a Database

  12.2    Finding and Fetching Records
    12.2.1     Creating a Bill of Materials
    12.2.2     Fetching a Record Within a MANUAL OPTIONAL Set
    12.2.3     Fetching a Record Within a Forked Set

  12.3    Storing New Records
    12.3.1     Inserting Stored Records into SYSTEM-Owned Sets
    12.3.2     Inserting Stored Records into Forked Sets

  12.4    Modifying Records

  12.5    Erasing Records

  12.6    Using String Concatenation Instead of Passing Variables

  12.7    Handling Errors

  12.8    Condition Tests

  12.9    Supported Data Types

  13     Writing VAX Pascal Programs with DBMS

  13.1    Invoking a Database

  13.2    Finding and Fetching Records
    13.2.1     Creating a Bill of Materials
    13.2.2     Fetching a Record Within a MANUAL OPTIONAL Set
    13.2.3     Fetching a Record Within a Forked Set

  13.3    Storing New Records
    13.3.1     Inserting Stored Records into SYSTEM-Owned Sets
    13.3.2     Inserting Stored Records into Forked Sets

  13.4    Modifying Records

  13.5    Erasing Records

  13.6    Using String Concatenation Instead of Passing Variables

  13.7    Handling Errors

  13.8    Condition Tests

  13.9    Supported Data Types

  14     Writing VAX PL/I Programs with DBMS

  14.1    Invoking a Database

  14.2    Finding and Fetching Records
    14.2.1     Creating a Bill of Materials
    14.2.2     Fetching a Record Within a MANUAL OPTIONAL Set
    14.2.3     Fetching a Record Within a Forked Set

  14.3    Storing New Records
    14.3.1     Inserting Stored Records into SYSTEM-Owned Sets
    14.3.2     Inserting Stored Records into Forked Sets

  14.4    Modifying Records

  14.5    Erasing Records

  14.6    Using String Concatenation Instead of Passing Variables

  14.7    Handling Errors

  14.8    Condition Tests

  14.9    Supported Data Types

  A   Sample PARTS Database Subschema

  A.1     PARTS Bachman Diagram

  A.2     PARTSS1 Subschema

  A.3     PARTSS2 Subschema

  A.4     PARTSS3 Subschema

  A.5     PARTSS4 Subschema

  A.6     PARTSS5 Subschema

  B   Finding the Sample Programs

  EXAMPLES

  4-1        BOM_QUERIES Module

  4-2        BOM_QUERIES_DML Module

  4-3        PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE Module

  4-4        PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE_DML Module

  4-5        VENDOR_BY_PART Module

  4-6        VENDOR_BY_PART_DML Module

  4-7        ADD_PARTS Module

  4-8        ADD_PARTS_DML Module

  4-9        ADD_SUPPLY Module

  4-10       ADD_SUPPLY_DML Module

  4-11       ADD_QUOTE Module

  4-12       ADD_QUOTE_DML Module

  4-13       MODIFY_PARTS Module

  4-14       MODIFY_PARTS_DML Module

  4-15       DELETE_PARTS Module

  4-16       DELETE_PARTS_DML Module

  4-17       BIDS_BY_PRICE Module

  4-18       BIDS_BY_PRICE_DML Module

  4-19       ERROR_HANDLER Module

  5-1        BOM_QUERIES Module

  5-2        BOM_QUERIES_DML Module

  5-3        PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE Module

  5-4        PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE_DML Module

  5-5        VENDOR_BY_PART Module

  5-6        VENDOR_BY_PART_DML Module

  5-7        ADD_PARTS Module

  5-8        ADD_PARTS_DML Module

  5-9        ADD_SUPPLY Module

  5-10       ADD_SUPPLY_DML Module

  5-11       ADD_QUOTE Module

  5-12       ADD_QUOTE_DML Module

  5-13       MODIFY_PARTS Module

  5-14       MODIFY_PARTS_DML Module

  5-15       DELETE_PARTS Module

  5-16       DELETE_PARTS_DML Module

  5-17       BIDS_BY_PRICE Module

  5-18       BIDS_BY_PRICE_DML Module

  5-19       ERROR_HANDLER Module

  6-1        BOM_QUERIES Module

  6-2        BOM_QUERIES_DML Module

  6-3        PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE Module

  6-4        PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE_DML Module

  6-5        VENDOR_BY_PART Module

  6-6        VENDOR_BY_PART_DML Module

  6-7        ADD_PARTS Module

  6-8        ADD_PARTS_DML Module

  6-9        ADD_SUPPLY Module

  6-10       ADD_SUPPLY_DML Module

  6-11       ADD_QUOTE Module

  6-12       ADD_QUOTE_DML Module

  6-13       MODIFY_PARTS Module

  6-14       MODIFY_PARTS_DML Module

  6-15       DELETE_PARTS Module

  6-16       DELETE_PARTS_DML Module

  6-17       BIDS_BY_PRICE Module

  6-18       BIDS_BY_PRICE_DML Module

  6-19       ERROR_HANDLER Module

  7-1        BOM_QUERIES Module

  7-2        BOM_QUERIES_DML Module

  7-3        PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE Module

  7-4        PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE_DML Module

  7-5        VENDOR_BY_PART Module

  7-6        VENDOR_BY_PART_DML Module

  7-7        ADD_PARTS Module

  7-8        ADD_PARTS_DML Module

  7-9        ADD_SUPPLY Module

  7-10       ADD_SUPPLY_DML Module

  7-11       ADD_QUOTE Module

  7-12       ADD_QUOTE_DML Module

  7-13       MODIFY_PARTS Module

  7-14       MODIFY_PARTS_DML Module

  7-15       DELETE_PARTS Module

  7-16       DELETE_PARTS_DML Module

  7-17       BIDS_BY_PRICE Module

  7-18       BIDS_BY_PRICE_DML Module

  7-19       ERROR_HANDLER Module

  8-1        BOM_QUERIES Module

  8-2        BOM_QUERIES_DML Module

  8-3        PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE Module

  8-4        PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE_DML Module

  8-5        VENDOR_BY_PART Module

  8-6        VENDOR_BY_PART_DML Module

  8-7        ADD_PARTS Module

  8-8        ADD_PARTS_DML Module

  8-9        ADD_SUPPLY Module

  8-10       ADD_SUPPLY_DML Module

  8-11       ADD_QUOTE Module

  8-12       ADD_QUOTE_DML Module

  8-13       MODIFY_PARTS Module

  8-14       MODIFY_PARTS_DML Module

  8-15       DELETE_PARTS Module

  8-16       DELETE_PARTS_DML Module

  8-17       BIDS_BY_PRICE Module

  8-18       BIDS_BY_PRICE_DML Module

  8-19       ERROR_HANDLER Module

  9-1        BOM_QUERIES Module

  9-2        BOM_QUERIES_DML Module

  9-3        PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE Module

  9-4        PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE_DML Module

  9-5        VENDOR_BY_PARTS Module

  9-6        VENDOR_BY_PARTS_DML Module

  9-7        ADD_PARTS Module

  9-8        ADD_PARTS_DML Module

  9-9        ADD_SUPPLY Module

  9-10       ADD_SUPPLY Module

  9-11       ADD_QUOTE Module

  9-12       ADD_QUOTE_DML Module

  9-13       MODIFY_PARTS Module

  9-14       MODIFY_PARTS_DML Module

  9-15       DELETE_PARTS Module

  9-16       DELETE_PARTS_DML Module

  9-17       BIDS_BY_PRICE Module

  9-18       BIDS_BY_UNIT_PRICE_DML Module

  9-19       ERROR-HANDLER Module

  10-1       BOM_QUERIES Module

  10-2       BOM_QUERIES_DML Module

  10-3       PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE Module

  10-4       PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE_DML Module

  10-5       VENDOR_BY_PART Module

  10-6       VENDOR_BY_PART_DML Module

  10-7       ADD_PARTS Module

  10-8       ADD_PARTS_DML Module

  10-9       ADD_SUPPLY Module

  10-10      ADD_SUPPLY_DML Module

  10-11      ADD_QUOTE Module

  10-12      ADD_QUOTE_DML Module

  10-13      MODIFY_PARTS Module

  10-14      MODIFY_PARTS_DML Module

  10-15      DELETE_PARTS Module

  10-16      DELETE_PARTS_DML Module

  10-17      BIDS_BY_PRICE Module

  10-18      BIDS_BY_PRICE_DML Module

  10-19      ERROR_HANDLER Module

  11-1       Common Block

  11-2       BOM_QUERIES Module

  11-3       BOM_QUERIES_DML Module

  11-4       PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE Module

  11-5       PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE_DML Module

  11-6       VENDOR_BY_PART Module

  11-7       VENDOR_BY_PART_DML Module

  11-8       ADD_PARTS Module

  11-9       ADD_PARTS_DML Module

  11-10      ADD_SUPPLY Module

  11-11      ADD_SUPPLY_DML Module

  11-12      ADD_QUOTE Module

  11-13      ADD_QUOTE_DML Module

  11-14      MODIFY_PARTS Module

  11-15      MODIFY_PARTS_DML Module

  11-16      DELETE_PARTS Module

  11-17      DELETE_PARTS_DML Module

  11-18      BIDS_BY_PRICE Module

  11-19      BIDS_BY_PRICE_DML Module

  11-20      ERROR_HANDLER Module

  12-1       BOM_QUERIES Module

  12-2       BOM_QUERIES_DML Module

  12-3       PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE Module

  12-4       PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE_DML Module

  12-5       VENDOR_BY_PART Module

  12-6       VENDOR_BY_PART_DML Module

  12-7       ADD_PARTS Module

  12-8       ADD_PARTS_DML Module

  12-9       ADD_SUPPLY Module

  12-10      ADD_SUPPLY_DML Module

  12-11      ADD_QUOTE Module

  12-12      ADD_QUOTE_DML Module

  12-13      MODIFY_PARTS Module

  12-14      MODIFY_PARTS_DML Module

  12-15      DELETE_PARTS Module

  12-16      DELETE_PARTS_DML Module

  12-17      BIDS_BY_PRICE Module

  12-18      BIDS_BY_PRICE_DML Module

  12-19      ERROR_HANDLER Module

  13-1       BOM_QUERIES Module

  13-2       BOM_QUERIES_DML Module

  13-3       PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE Module

  13-4       PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE_DML Module

  13-5       VENDOR_BY_PART Module

  13-6       VENDOR_BY_PART_DML Module

  13-7       ADD_PARTS Module

  13-8       ADD_PARTS_DML Module

  13-9       ADD_SUPPLY Module

  13-10      ADD_SUPPLY_DML Module

  13-11      ADD_QUOTE Module

  13-12      ADD_QUOTE_DML Module

  13-13      MODIFY_PARTS Module

  13-14      MODIFY_PARTS_DML Module

  13-15      DELETE_PARTS Module

  13-16      DELETE_PARTS_DML Module

  13-17      BIDS_BY_PRICE Module

  13-18      BIDS_BY_PRICE_DML Module

  13-19      ERROR_HANDLER Module

  14-1       PL/I Declarations

  14-2       BOM_QUERIES Module

  14-3       BOM_QUERIES_DML Module

  14-4       PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE Module

  14-5       PARTS_BY_EMPLOYEE_DML Module

  14-6       VENDOR_BY_PARTS Module

  14-7       VENDOR_BY_PART_DML Module

  14-8       ADD_PARTS Module

  14-9       ADD_PARTS_DML Module

  14-10      ADD_SUPPLY Module

  14-11      ADD_SUPPLY_DML Module

  14-12      ADD_QUOTE Module

  14-13      ADD_QUOTE_DML Module

  14-14      MODIFY_PARTS Module

  14-15      MODIFY_PARTS_DML Module

  14-16      DELETE_PARTS Module

  14-17      DELETE_PARTS_DML Module

  14-18      BIDS_BY_PRICE Module

  14-19      BIDS_BY_PRICE_DML Module

  14-20      ERROR_HANDLER Module

  FIGURES

  1-1        Bachman Diagram of PARTS Schema

  2-1        Currency Diagram on VT2xx Terminal

  2-2        Pointer Clusters

  2-3        Physical Collection of Records

  2-4        Database Keys

  2-5        Currency Display

  2-6        Positional Currency Display

  2-7        Insertion at Current Position

  2-8        Insertion After Current of Set Type

  2-9        Insertion Before Current of Set Type

  3-1        Compilation Process

  A-1        Bachman Diagram of PARTS Schema

  TABLES

  1-1        Usage Mode Conflicts

  2-1        Relational Operators

  2-2        Insertion, Retention, and Deletion Operations

  4-1        Status Returned to DML$VALUE or FDML$VALUE

  4-2        Constants Declared by the DML Precompiler

  5-1        VAX Ada Data Types

  6-1        VAX BASIC Data Types

  7-1        VAX BLISS Data Types

  8-1        VAX C Data Types

  9-1        VAX COBOL Data Types

  10-1       VAX DIBOL Data Types

  11-1       VAX FORTRAN Data Types

  12-1       VAX MACRO Data Types

  13-1       VAX Pascal Data Types

  14-1       VAX PL/I Data Types